Treatment with amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution (ACCS) induces persistent motor improvement and ameliorates neuroinflammation in a rat model of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury.

Abstract:

PURPOSE:The present work compared the behavioral outcomes of ACCS therapy delivered either intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) after penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI). Histological markers for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were employed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of ACCS. METHODS:Experiment-1, ACCS was administered either i.v. or i.c.v. for 1 week post-PBBI. Outcome metrics included behavioral (rotarod and Morris water maze) and gross morphological assessments. Experiment-2, rats received ACCS i.c.v for either 1 or 2 weeks post-PBBI. The inflammatory response was determined by immunohistochemistry for neutrophils and microglia reactivity. Neurodegeneration was visualized using silver staining. RESULTS:Both i.v. and i.c.v. delivery of ACCS improved motor outcome but failed to improve cognitive outcome or tissue sparing. Importantly, only i.c.v. ACCS treatment produced persistent motor improvements at a later endpoint. The i.c.v. ACCS treatment significantly reduced PBBI-induced increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) expression. Concomitant reduction of both Iba1 and silver staining were detected in corpus callosum with i.c.v. ACCS treatment. CONCLUSIONS:ACCS, as a treatment for TBI, showed promise with regard to functional (motor) recovery and demonstrated strong capability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses that may underline functional recovery. However, the majority of beneficial effects appear restricted to the i.c.v. route of ACCS delivery, which warrants future studies examining delivery routes (e.g. intranasal delivery) which are more clinically viable for the treatment of TBI.

journal_name

Restor Neurol Neurosci

authors

Deng-Bryant Y,Readnower RD,Leung LY,Cunningham TL,Shear DA,Tortella FC

doi

10.3233/RNN-140455

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-01-01 00:00:00

pages

189-203

issue

2

eissn

0922-6028

issn

1878-3627

pii

A4232270841788P4

journal_volume

33

pub_type

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