Abstract:
:Seventy eight men were assessed one month before coronary artery bypass graft surgery using standardized measures of psychiatric morbidity and personality as well as a measure of emotional expression (the CECS). All patients had at least one coronary vessel occluded by 75% or more of its diameter, and functional capacity was assessed by calculating the exercise treadmill time (in seconds) for each patient. Most of the variance in exercise treadmill time was accounted for by the following variables: young age, short duration of symptoms, and less severe angina. Only one of five men was designated a psychiatric 'case'. The only psychological measure significantly associated with atherosclerosis was expression of fear (on the CECS). A measure of Type A behaviour (Bortner score) was related to exercise treadmill time, but not to any of the angiographic or clinical indices of coronary heart disease (CHD). Like other measures of Type A behaviour, the Bortner scale is psychometrically impure and has doubtful validity. More valid behavioural variables (such as those measured by the CECS) require further investigation. Future studies on the relation between psychological factors and the extent of CHD should take account of not only sex differences but also patients without significant CHD: high rates of psychiatric morbidity in such patients confound the relation between psychological trait measures and atherosclerosis.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Bass C,Akhras Fdoi
10.1017/s0033291700025939subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-08-01 00:00:00pages
695-703issue
3eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Discontinuation of antipsychotics predisposes patients with remitted/stable first-episode psychosis (FEP) to a higher risk of relapse, but it remains unclear how long discontinuation increases the relapse rate in these patients compared with maintenance. METHODS:This meta-analysis of randomized controlled t...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001393
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness with high socio-economic burden, but its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Recently, the cortical excitatory and inhibitory imbalance hypothesis and neuroplasticity hypothesis have been proposed for MDD. Although several studies have examined the neuroph...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004729
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most studies underline the contribution of heritable factors for psychiatric disorders. However, heritability estimates depend on the population under study, diagnostic instruments, and study designs that each has its inherent assumptions, strengths, and biases. We aim to test the homogeneity in heritability...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718002039
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transdiagnostic group cognitive-behavioral therapy (tCBT) is a delivery model that could help overcome barriers to large-scale implementation of evidence-based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of combining group tCBT with treatment-as-usual (TAU), com...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316
更新日期:2020-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from family and twin studies support a genetic contribution to the development of sexual orientation in men. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence for linkage to chromosome Xq28. METHOD:We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 409 independent pairs of homosexual brothers (90...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improving the quality of mental health care requires integrating successful research interventions into 'real-world' practice settings. Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) is a treatment-delivery model for anxiety disorders encountered in primary care. CALM offers cognitive behavioral therapy ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002893
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many preschool-age children meet criteria for psychiatric disorders, and rates approach those observed in later childhood and adolescence. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research examining the outcomes of preschool diagnoses. METHODS:Families with a 3-year-old child (N = 559) were recruited fro...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717003646
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a modified version of the MRC Needs for Care Schedule (the Cardinal Needs Schedule), for measuring needs for psychiatric and social care amongst patients with severe psychiatric disorders. The modified schedule has three new features: (i) it is quick and easy to use; (ii) it takes systematic accou...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700033511
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to investigate the psychological characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS: Holmes et al. 1988). A battery of psychometric instruments comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Lazarus W...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700020456
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The base rate of transition from subthreshold psychotic experiences (the exposure) to clinical psychotic disorder (the outcome) in unselected, representative and non-help-seeking population-based samples is unknown. METHOD:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of representative, longitudinal p...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002911
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galvanized with the availability of sophisticated statistical techniques and large datasets, network medicine has emerged as an active area of investigation. Following this trend, network methods have been utilized to understand the interplay between symptoms of mental disorders. This realistic approach that may provi...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001350
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse loss of cortical volume and ventricular enlargement have been demonstrated in schizophrenia using imaging. In addition, histological studies have provided evidence that the number of neurons in the medial temporal lobe structures is reduced and that the cytoarchitecture is abnormal. In an attempt to correlate ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700033171
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data are presented from a study of acculturation and psychiatric disorder in 291 Greek Cypriot immigrants from the general population of Camberwell, south London. We hypothesized that 'pre-acculturation' would protect against mental disorder, that difficulties in the period immediately after migration would increase t...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700036631
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is a challenge to diagnose reliably and the current gold standard for trials of DSM-5 has been in agreement between two or more medical specialists. Research studies aiming to objectively predict depression have typically used brain scanning. Less expensive methods from cognitive neuroscience may ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003608
更新日期:2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A multi-centre, four-arm trial (the PACE trial) found that rehabilitative cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) were more effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) than specialist medical care (SMC) alone, when each was added to SMC, and more effective than adaptiv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000020
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early Intervention in Psychosis Services (EIS) for young people in England experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) were commissioned in 2002, based on an expected incidence of 15 cases per 100 000 person-years, as reported by schizophrenia epidemiology in highly urban settings. Unconfirmed reports from EI...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710002461
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and twenty women recruited from attenders at the antenatal clinic of the Obstetrics Department of a general hospital were asked to complete ad hoc questionnaires during pregnancy; they were then interviewed by psychiatrists using a structured diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and S...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170002643x
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The persistence of psychosis at a high and relatively constant prevalence in the various populations of the world is rendered difficult to explain by the absence of identified environmental precipitants and by reduced fertility of affected individuals. The problem is not confined to schizophrenia but applies also to a...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700000611
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are no evidence-based treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). This study evaluated the relative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-AN) and specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) for adults with SE-AN. METHOD:Sixty-three participants with a diagnosis of AN, who...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000949
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trans and gender diverse (TGD) young people worldwide experience high rates of poor mental health; however, these rates were unknown in Australia. In addition, how negative life events affect the mental health of TGD young people has been largely unexplored. METHODS:This paper reports on novel mental health...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000643
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most evidence in the UK on the effectiveness of brief therapy for depression concerns cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In a trial published in 2000, we showed that non-directive counselling and CBT were equally effective in general practice for patients with depression and mixed anxiety and depression. Our...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002377
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the face of shifting demographics and an increase in human longevity, it is important to examine carefully what is known about cognitive ageing, and to identify and promote possibly malleable lifestyle and health-related factors that might mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001489
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depressed adults. CBT interventions are complex, as they include multiple content components and can be delivered in different ways. We compared the effectiveness of different types of therapy, different components and combinations of components and asp...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S003329171900120X
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five hundred and eighty schoolgirls living in a small North Indian industrial town were screened using the EAT-26. Although twenty-nine per cent scored above the threshold for the questionnaire (greater than or equal to 20), closer scrutiny of the pattern of responses revealed misinterpretations of a large number of q...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700005675
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aberrant functional connectivity within the default network is generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, the genetic risk of default network connectivity in OCD remains largely unknown. METHOD:Here, we systematically investigated default network...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002250
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public figures are at increased risk of attracting unwanted attention in the form of intrusions, stalking and, occasionally, attack. Whereas the potential threat to the British Royal Family from terrorists and organized groups is clearly defined, there is a dearth of knowledge about that from individual hara...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709005443
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monotonous voice is produced by schizophrenic patients whose expression of emotion is damped down and by patients with a severe degree of depression. Clinically, the distinction between these two diagnostic entities is virtually impossible to establish auditorily on the basis of voice quality alone. The laryngograph...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700041349
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of a survey of the burdens and needs for items of care of 45 supporters of long-term users of psychiatric day care facilities in Camberwell. The supporters reported high levels of disturbed behaviour and low levels of self-care skills in the attenders. They were also subject to high levels of soc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700024326
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Twenty states currently require that women seeking abortion be counseled on possible psychological responses, with six states stressing negative responses. The majority of research finds that women whose unwanted pregnancies end in abortion do not subsequently have adverse mental health outcomes; scant resea...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717001684
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hip fracture is common in the elderly. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric illness is common and predicts poor outcome, but have methodological weaknesses. Further studies are required to address this important issue. METHODS:We prospectively recruited 731 elderly participants with hip fracture in two...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799002548
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00