[State of food and nutritional care in public hospitals of Ecuador].

Abstract:

RATIONALE:The ELAN Ecuadorian Study of Hospital Malnutrition returned a malnutrition rate of 37.1% in public hospitals of Ecuador [Gallegos Espinosa S, Nicolalde Cifuentes M, Santana Porbén S; para el Grupo Ecuatoriano de Estudio de la Desnutrición Hospitalaria. State of malnutrition in hospitals of Ecuador. Nutr Hosp (España) 2014;30:425-35]. Hospital malnutrition could be the result of institutional cultural practices affecting the patient's nutritional status. OBJECTIVES:To present the current state of food and nutritional care provided to patients assisted in public hospitals of Ecuador. MATERIAL AND METHOD:The state of food and nutritional care provided to 5,355 patients assisted in 36 hospitals of 23 provinces of the country was documented by means of the Hospital Nutrition Survey (HNS), conducted as part of the ELAN Study. HNS recorded the completion of nutritional assessment exercises, the use of food-bymouth, fasting, use of oral nutritional supplements, and implementation and conduction of Artificial nutritional schemes (Enteral/Parenteral); respectively. RESULTS:Less than 0.1% of clinical charts had a diagnosis of malnutrition included in the list of the patient's health problems. Less than half of the patients had been measured and weighted on admission. Serum Albumin values and Total Lymphocytes Counts were annotated on admission in only 13.5% and 59.2% of the instances, respectively. Current weight value was registered in only 59.4% of the patients with length of stay ³ 15 days. An oral nutritional supplement was prescribed in just 3.5% of non-malnourished patients in which significant metabolic stress and/or reduced food intakes concurred. Although up to 10 different indications for use of Artificial nutrition were identified in the sample study, any of these techniques was administered to just 2.5% (median of observed percentages; range: 1.3 - 11.9%) of surveyed patients. CONCLUSIONS:Currently, nutritional status of hospitalized patient is not included within therapeutic goals, nutritional assessment exercises are incomplete, and Artificial nutrition is not considered a therapeutic option. From these findings it can only be concluded that the nutritionist still has no place within medical care teams. Adoption of required measures in order to introduce "Food and Nutrition Good Practices" into the medical care in public hospitals of Ecuador is urgently needed. :Justificación: El Estudio ELAN Ecuatoriano de Desnutrición Hospitalaria en los hospitales públicos del Ecuador devolvió una tasa de desnutrición del 37.1% [Gallegos Espinosa S, Nicolalde Cifuentes M, Santana Porbén S; para el Grupo Ecuatoriano de Estudio de la Desnutrición Hospitalaria. Estado de la desnutrición en los hospitales del Ecuador. Nutr Hosp (España) 2014;30:425-35]. La desnutrición hospitalaria podría ser la resultante de prácticas culturales institucionales que afectan el estado nutricional del enfermo. Objetivos: Presentar el estado corriente de los cuidados alimentarios y nutricionales que se le ofrecen al enfermo atendido en los hospitales públicos del Ecuador. Material y Método: El estado de los cuidados alimentarios y nutricionales provistos a 5,355 enfermos atendidos en 36 hospitales de 23 provincias del país se documentó mediante la Encuesta de Nutrición Hospitalaria (ENH), conducida dentro del Estudio ELAN. La ENH registró el completamiento de los ejercicios de evaluación nutricional, el estado del uso de la vía oral, el tiempo de ayuno, el uso de suplementos dietéticos orales, y la implementación y conducción de esquemas de Nutrición artificial (Enteral/ Parenteral); respectivamente. Resultados: Menos del 0.1% de las historias clínicas tenía un diagnóstico de desnutrición dentro de las listas de problemas de salud del paciente. Menos de la mitad de los pacientes había sido tallado y pesado al ingreso. La Albúmina sérica y los Conteos Totales de Linfocitos estaban registrados en el momento del ingreso en solo el 13.5% y el 59.2% de las instancias, respectivamente. El valor corriente del Peso solo se anotó en el 59.4% de los pacientes con una estadía³ 15 días. Se indicó algún tipo de suplemento dietético en solo el 3.5% de los pacientes no desnutridos en los que concurrían estrés metabólico significativo y/o ingresos dietéticos disminuidos. A pesar de que se identificaron hasta 10 indicaciones diferentes para el uso de Nutrición artificial en la muestra de estudio, se le administró alguna de estas técnicas a solo el 2.5% (me diana de los porcentajes observados; rango: 1.3 – 11.9%) de los pacientes encuestados. Conclusiones: En el momento actual, el estado nutricional del paciente hospitalizado no se incluye dentro de los objetivos terapéuticos, los ejercicios de evaluación nutricional son incompletos, y la Nutrición artificial no se considera una opción terapéutica. De estos hallazgos solo se puede concluir que el nutricionista no ha encontrado cabida dentro del equipo de atención médica. Urge la adopción de las medidas requeridas para insertar las “Buenas Prácticas de Alimentación y Nutrición” dentro de la atención médica en los hospitales públicos del Ecuador.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Gallegos Espinosa S,Nicolalde Cifuentes M,Santana Porbén S

doi

10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.8178

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-10-03 00:00:00

pages

443-8

issue

1

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

31

pub_type

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