A REVIEW OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS USED IN THE DIETARY GUIDELINES OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE AMERICAS, EUROPE AND ASIA.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) are an initiative by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) designed to help countries establish their own nutrition education principles. Such principles should be expressed through clear and specific messages that provide guidance and promote good health among populations. Many of these guidelines contain graphical representations (GRs) as visual aids for dietary guidance. OBJECTIVES:to analyze the characteristics of GRs used in various countries on four continents to identify international trends in these graphical messages and assess their usefulness as educational tools for their target populations. METHODS:a review of GRs used in the FBDGs of countries in the Americas, Europe and Asia for which data were available in Spanish or English. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:the models most used are the food circle and pyramid. The GRs (n = 37) depict the following recommendations: food groups (37), physical activity (21), water intake (17), low salt intake (7), family meals (1) and relaxation (1). In addition, 10 quantitative recommendations were detected. The GRs of Greece and the United States do not show images of food. The aspects considered in the GRs vary by the regions, cultures and epidemiological characteristics of each country. A tendency to use the food circle and to include lifestyle recommendations in illustrations was observed in the United States, Spain and Mexico. Quantitative recommendations may help to clarify information provided during the educational process. :Introducción: las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos “Food-Based Dietary Guidelines” (FBDG) son una propuesta de la Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) y la World Health Organization (WHO) para que cada país plantee sus principios de educación nutricional de manera clara y concreta con el fin de orientar y promover la buena salud en la población. Muchas de estas guías incluyen una representación gráfica (GR) como ayuda visual en el proceso de orientación alimentaria. Objetivos: analizar las características de las GR de países de tres continentes, para conocer las tendencias internacionales de los mensajes gráficos y para facilitar su transmisión durante el proceso educativo a la población a la que van dirigidos. Métodos: revisión de las GR de las FBDG de países de América, Europa y Asia, cuya información estuviera accesible, en español o en inglés. Resultados y discusión: las figuras más utilizadas son el círculo y la pirámide. Las GR ilustran las siguientes recomendaciones: todas (n = 37) grupos de alimentos, 21 actividad física, 17 consumo de agua, 7 restricción de sal, 1 convivencia familiar, 1 relajación y 10 recomendaciones cuantitativas. Las GR de Grecia y Estados Unidos no muestran imágenes de alimentos. Los aspectos considerados en las GR dependen de la región, la cultura y algunas características epidemiológicas de cada país. Se observa una tendencia al uso de la figura del círculo en países como Estados Unidos, España y México, además de incluir recomendaciones sobre el estilo de vida en la ilustración. Las recomendaciones cuantitativas pueden clarificar la información en el proceso educativo.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Altamirano Martínez MB,Cordero Muñoz AY,Macedo Ojeda G,Márquez Sandoval YF,Vizmanos B

doi

10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9362

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-09-01 00:00:00

pages

986-96

issue

3

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

32

pub_type

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