Abstract:
:In vitro experiments were performed to examine the contractile responsiveness of guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle as a function of developmental age. Gallbladder muscle strips from preterm (day 50-55 gestation), newborn (days 1-3 post partum), and 1-month-old animals were stimulated with agonists that initiate the contractile process either by activation of membrane receptors (acetylcholine and the octapeptide of cholecystokinin) or by membrane depolarization (potassium). Dose-response curves were constructed for each agonist in each age group and analyzed with respect to the maximal force developed and the pD2 value (negative logarithm of the dose of agonist which produces a one-half maximal response). The results can be summarized as follows: 1) when normalized for tissue cross-sectional area, the magnitude of the contractile response to each agonist increased with increasing developmental age; 2) the dose of agonist required to elicit a one-half maximal response was independent of developmental age. The data indicate that cholinergic and cholecystokinin receptors are present and functional on gallbladder smooth muscle prior to birth and that the force generating capacity of the tissue continues to develop after birth. A reduced contractility of the gallbladder in preterm and newborn animals as compared to young adults may partially explain the decreased choledochol bile flow seen in the neonate.
journal_name
Pediatr Resjournal_title
Pediatric researchauthors
Denehy CM,Ryan JRdoi
10.1203/00006450-198603000-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-03-01 00:00:00pages
214-7issue
3eissn
0031-3998issn
1530-0447journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the intestinal microbiota in term infants. In premature infants, alterations in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) are associated with risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis, and the influence of HMOs on the microbiota is unclear. METHODS:Milk, urine, ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2015.162
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective was to investigate any possible relationship between functional and structural vascular changes in women with low gestational age and/or low birth weight by analyzing the retinal vascular pattern in women with thoroughly documented blood pressure. Retinal vessel morphology was evaluated by digital image ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200206000-00003
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between chorioamnionitis and periventricular leukomalacia has been reported in human preterm infants. However, whether this link is causal has not been convincingly established, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study was to establish a reproducible model of c...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200006000-00009
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible role played by albumin in regulating brain metabolism during development has been studied. The effects of fatty acid-free BSA on lactate, glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glutamine oxidation and lipogenesis by rat neurons and astrocytes from primary culture were studied. The rate of lactate oxidation and l...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199312000-00002
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been published in the past 5-6 y. MSCs inhibit T-cell alloreactivity in vitro by soluble factors and direct cell-to-cell contact. They are safe to infuse in humans with no acute toxicity and no ectopic tissue formation. Promising results of MSC infusion for graft-vs.-h...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/pr.2011.56
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-8/CXC ligand (CXCL) 8 is ingested in high concentrations by the human fetus/neonate with amniotic fluid and human milk, and is also produced constitutively by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We have shown that recombinant human IL-8/CXCL8 (rhIL-8/CXCL8) protects cultured IEC against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000133196.25949.98
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conversion of adenosine to inosine is decreased in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient fibroblasts at all concentrations of adenosine tested. Adenosine is not differentially toxic to ADA-deficient fibroblasts except at very high (5 X 10(-4) -1 X 10(-3) M) adenosine levels. Conversion of [14C] adenosine to GTP is not d...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-197607000-00002
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of increased red blood cell aggregation on uteroplacental blood flow was studied in 11 awake, late-pregnant guinea pigs. The aggregation of the red cells was increased by administering high molecular weight dextran (HMWD) to the previously hemoconcentrated animal. The purpose of the hemoconcentration before...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199201000-00017
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following our clinical observation of tonic responses in response to the knee jerk in infants at very high risk for cerebral palsy (VHR infants), we systematically studied tonic responses, clonus, and reflex irradiation. We questioned (i) whether these responses occurred more often in VHR infants than in typ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2016.99
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac malformations (pulmonary trunk stenosis, ventricular septal defect, and double outlet right ventricle) were induced by the administration of two doses of retinoic acid (RA) to Wistar rats on d 13 of pregnancy. Contractile performance of the isolated perfused rat heart and its inotropic response to Ca2+ (0.6-10...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199512000-00011
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infantile Refsum's disease is characterized by high levels of phytanic acid and the absence of normal hepatic peroxisomes. We investigated the in vivo influence of phytol, a precursor of phytanic acid, on peroxisomes by both biochemical and morphological methods. Enhanced supply of phytol in the diet of adult mice cau...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198605000-00007
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unconjugated bilirubin promotes intestinal secretion without affecting nutrient digestion or absorption. In the current study, the effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) on the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium were investigated. The apical side of human intestinal cell line Caco-2 monolayers was challeng...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000220344.09034.63
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prodromal symptoms are frequently reported in the atypical form of Hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) suggesting implication of infectious triggers. Some pathogens may also play a role in the mechanisms of production of autoantibody directed against Factor H (FH), a complement regulator, leading to aHUS. METH...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0009-9
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uteroplacental insufficiency increases the risk of perinatal and long-term neurologic morbidity by depriving the fetus of oxidative substrate and causing intrauterine growth retardation. Skeletal muscle and liver from growth retarded fetal and juvenile rats respond to this deprivation by altering mitochondrial gene ex...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200006000-00019
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::After an initial postnatal diuresis, neonates are in positive sodium balance. Because atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contributes to sodium homeostasis, this study was designed to evaluate the maturational effects of increased dietary sodium intake on cardiac ANP production. Preweaned Sprague-Dawley rat pups were art...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199503000-00010
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart rate variability (HRV) is reported increasingly in pediatric research, but different strategies used to identify and manage potential outlier beats impact HRV parameter values in adults and animals. Do they in pediatrics? To compare the impact of different strategies to identifying and managing outliers, we used...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e318123fbcc
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that the proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) is negatively correlated with the induced expression of interleukin (IL)-4. Our aim, therefore, was to examine whether an impaired cellular response to LPS in infancy is associated w...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2013.74
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the infusion of fructose, 0.25 g/kg body wt, the mean peak plasma uric acid level was 5.4 +/- 0.7 (SEM) mg/100 ml in six normal children and was not significantly increased compared with that of the mean basal value of 4.1 +/- 0.5 mg/100 ml. The mean blood inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels were significantly less ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-197510000-00005
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation is implicated in the modification of several erythrocyte functions, such as metabolic pathways and membrane transport, as well as in signal transduction systems. Here we describe the map of Tyr-phosphorylated soluble proteins of newborn red blood cells (RBC) using an in vitro model simul...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000180545.24457.AC
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism and a potent chemoattractant for adult polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). LTB4 may be an important inflammatory mediator in neonatal lung disorders such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but neonatal PMN chemotaxis to LTB4 has not been studied. We compare...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199303000-00006
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants with sudden infant death syndrome have higher hypoxanthine (Hx) concentrations in their vitreous humor than infants with respiratory distress syndrome and other infant control populations. However, previous research on piglets and pigs applying continuous hypoxemia has not been able to reproduce the concentrat...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199312000-00013
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung distensibility and airway mechanics were evaluated in 24 asthmatic children and adolescents, ages between 7 and 21 years, by quasi-static pressure-volume curves and by the static recoil-lung conductance relationship. The measurements were obtained by the step-wise inflation technique and the pressure-volume curve...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198411000-00020
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global burden of kidney disease is increasing, and several etiologies first begin in childhood. Risk factors for pediatric kidney disease are common in Africa, but data regarding its prevalence are lacking. We completed a systematic review of community-based studies describing the prevalence of proteinuria, hematu...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/pr.2014.189
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release has been shown not to be the predominant mechanism responsible for excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in fetal myocytes. However, most of the studies have been conducted either on primary cultures or acutely isolated cells, in which an apparent reduction of ryanodine receptor ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31820bc69b
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are treated with supraphysiological doses of growth hormone (GH) to improve final height; however in some girls, the growth response can be poor. This may reflect aberrations in GH and/or IGF-I actions at the cellular level, and thus this study compared the response of skin fibroblasts ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31821b570b
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate changes of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics related to opening of the bypass bridge during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Ten newborn infants and 12 piglets were studied during opening of the bridge for 10 and 1 s, respectively. Changes in ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199507000-00022
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ca2+ transients were examined in embryonic chick hearts with an experimentally induced cardiac neural crest-related outflow tract defect known as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). In all of the animal models of neural crest-related heart defects, prenatal mortality is too high to be attributed to structural defects...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199712000-00002
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the human fetus, liver macrophages appear to be the primary source of erythropoietin (Epo). Epo production shifts from the liver to peritubular cells in the kidney sometime during the 3rd trimester. Some preterm infants experience a hyporegenerative anemia that appears to be caused by inadequate Epo production. It ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199402000-00008
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide plays a major role in vascular tone control. Increased blood levels of bradykinin (BK), which stimulates nitric oxide biosynthesis, occur at birth. BK effects on ductus arteriosus (DA) tone were investigated in fetal rabbit under fetal (2.5% O2 "low PO2") and neonatal (30% O2 "high PO2") conditions using ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199904010-00017
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico on 20 September 2017 causing catastrophic devastation. Prolonged shortage of food had been a substantial challenge to the residents after Maria. Experiencing food insecurity in utero has been associated with negative health outcomes later in life. We aim to examine whether ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0839-0
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00