Experimental verification of a technique for predicting scattered radiation transfer: application to low photon energies.

Abstract:

:It is shown that predictions can be made of scatter-to-primary ratios for a variety of mammographic configurations. The different configurations can be produced by changes in source-detector distance; source-phantom distance; air gap; photon energy; phantom composition, thickness, and cross-sectional area. A detailed analysis of the effect of a grid is also considered. The predictions are not computationally intensive. Experimental verifications of the predictions for varying phantom cross-sectional dimensions, source-detector distance, and air gaps with and without a grid have been carried out. Variations with phantom thickness were not considered in this paper. Detailed comparisons between experiment and theory indicate that scatter-to-primary ratios were predicted within one standard deviation and the coefficient of variation is within 3% for most of the data points with the worst case coefficient of variation about 6%. Measurements of grid secondary transmission have also been compared to theoretical predictions and agreement is within the coefficient of variation of about +/- 15%.

journal_name

Med Phys

journal_title

Medical physics

authors

Bernstein H,Muntz EP

doi

10.1118/1.595807

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1986-11-01 00:00:00

pages

836-42

issue

6

eissn

0094-2405

issn

2473-4209

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Relaxing leaf-motion restrictions in dynamic multileaf collimator leaf sequencing.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Traditionally, unidirectional leaf-sweeping schemes have been employed to deliver IMRT plans using the dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) technique. The goal of this research is to investigate the potential impact of relaxing the leaf-motion restrictions in DMLC IMRT on the beam-modulation quality and the deli...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.13158

    authors: Mirzapour SA,Salari E

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Two-dimensional antiscatter grid: A novel scatter rejection device for Cone-beam computed tomography.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Scattered radiation remains to be a major cause of image quality degradation in Flat Panel Detector (FPD)-based Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We have been investigating a novel two-dimensional antiscatter grid (2D-ASG) concept to reduce scatter intensity, and hence improve CBCT image quality. We present...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.12724

    authors: Alexeev T,Kavanagh B,Miften M,Altunbas C

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Innovative methodology for intercomparison of radionuclide calibrators using short half-life in situ prepared radioactive sources.

    abstract:PURPOSE:An original radionuclide calibrator method for activity determination is presented. The method could be used for intercomparison surveys for short half-life radioactive sources used in Nuclear Medicine, such as(99m)Tc or most positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS:By evaluation of the resul...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4884035

    authors: Oliveira PA,Santos JA

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Multileaf collimator performance monitoring and improvement using semiautomated quality control testing and statistical process control.

    abstract:PURPOSE:High-quality radiation therapy using highly conformal dose distributions and image-guided techniques requires optimum machine delivery performance. In this work, a monitoring system for multileaf collimator (MLC) performance, integrating semiautomated MLC quality control (QC) tests and statistical process contr...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4901520

    authors: Létourneau D,Wang A,Amin MN,Pearce J,McNiven A,Keller H,Norrlinger B,Jaffray DA

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • SU-E-T-269: The Evaluation of Copper as an Alternative for Cerrobend Electron Shielding.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the replacement of Cerrobend by copper for electron beam cutouts. METHODS:The dosimetric comparisons for circular copper-and Cerrobend-cutouts with diameters (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 cm) were made using electron beams with energies (6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV) from 3 Varian accelerato...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4735336

    authors: Chu A,Feng W,Ahmad M,Chen Z,Nath R

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Vision 20/20: Positron emission tomography in radiation therapy planning, delivery, and monitoring.

    abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly considered as an effective imaging method to support several stages of radiation therapy. The combined usage of functional and morphological imaging in state-of-the-art PET/CT scanners is rapidly emerging to support the treatment planning process in terms of improved ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1118/1.4935869

    authors: Parodi K

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Improved dynamic-programming-based algorithms for segmentation of masses in mammograms.

    abstract::In this paper, two new boundary tracing algorithms for segmentation of breast masses are presented. These new algorithms are based on the dynamic programming-based boundary tracing (DPBT) algorithm proposed in Timp and Karssemeijer, [S. Timp and N. Karssemeijer, Med. Phys. 31, 958-971 (2004)] The DPBT algorithm contai...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2791034

    authors: Rojas Domínguez A,Nandi AK

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • SU-E-T-429: Image-Guided Eye Plaque Brachytherapy Optimization: Implications for Patients at 2-Year Follow-up.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Episcleral eye plaque brachytherapy has been utilized in the treatment of intra-ocular malignancies, delivering large prescription doses to the apex of the tumor. Advances in dose calculation and image guidance, via calibrated fundus images, enable localization of the tumor and determination of dose to the macu...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4735518

    authors: Guida K,Niermann K,Malcolm A,Sternberg P,Munn G,Coffey C

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Response of tissue-equivalent ionization chamber to 15-MeV neutrons.

    abstract::The calibration (in rad/nC) of an air-filled tissue-equivalent ionization chamber for neutrons of 15-MeV average energy was determined by measuring absolute fluences and calculating the kerma per unit fluence. The neutron calibration determined from the gamma-ray calibration and application of the Bragg-Gray relation ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.594310

    authors: Barschall HH,Goldberg E

    更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00

  • Maximum likelihood estimation of proton irradiated field and deposited dose distribution.

    abstract::In proton therapy, it is important to evaluate the field irradiated with protons and the deposited dose distribution in a patient's body. Positron emitters generated through fragmentation reactions of target nuclei can be used for this purpose. By detecting the annihilation gamma rays from the positron emitters, the a...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2712572

    authors: Inaniwa T,Kohno T,Yamagata F,Tomitani T,Sato S,Kanazawa M,Kanai T,Urakabe E

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • A deep feature fusion methodology for breast cancer diagnosis demonstrated on three imaging modality datasets.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Deep learning methods for radiomics/computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) are often prohibited by small datasets, long computation time, and the need for extensive image preprocessing. AIMS:We aim to develop a breast CADx methodology that addresses the aforementioned issues by exploiting the efficiency of pre-tra...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.12453

    authors: Antropova N,Huynh BQ,Giger ML

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Voxel clustering for quantifying PET-based treatment response assessment.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Imaging biomarkers are crucial in managing treatment options for cancer patients. They are extremely powerful tools since they allow personalized treatment assessment early during therapy by using repeated imaging to detect and quantify tumor response. Currently, treatment response assessment from consecutive i...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4764900

    authors: Schreibmann E,Waller AF,Crocker I,Curran W,Fox T

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Monte Carlo dose calculations in homogeneous media and at interfaces: a comparison between GEPTS, EGSnrc, MCNP, and measurements.

    abstract::Three Monte Carlo photon/electron transport codes (GEPTS, EGSnrc, and MCNP) are bench-marked against dose measurements in homogeneous (both low- and high-Z) media as well as at interfaces. A brief overview on physical models used by each code for photon and electron (positron) transport is given. Absolute calorimetric...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.1473134

    authors: Chibani O,Li XA

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Automatic three-dimensional correlation of CT-CT, CT-MRI, and CT-SPECT using chamfer matching.

    abstract::Image correlation is often required to utilize the complementary information in CT, MRI, and SPECT. A practical method for automatic image correlation in three-dimensions (3D) based on chamfer matching is described. The method starts with automatic extraction of contour points in one modality and automatic segmentatio...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.597344

    authors: van Herk M,Kooy HM

    更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00

  • Optical spectroscopy of the breast in premenopausal women reveals tissue variation with changes in age and parity.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Variations during breast tissue development can influence later breast cancer risk. In particular, prolonged nulliparity increases risk. The authors used optical spectroscopy to compare breast tissue in 115 nulliparous women aged 31-40 (group 2) to 140 nulliparous women aged 18-21 (group 1), and also to 36 paro...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.3276737

    authors: Knight JA,Blackmore KM,Wong J,Tharmalingam S,Lilge L

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • General strategy for the protection of organs at risk in IMRT therapy of a moving body.

    abstract::We investigated protection strategies of organs at risk (OARs) in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). These strategies apply to delivery of IMRT to moving body anatomies that show relative displacement of OAR in close proximity to a tumor target. We formulated an efficient genetic algorithm which makes it po...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.3132305

    authors: Abolfath RM,Papiez L

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • Thermoacoustic molecular tomography with magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents for targeted tumor detection.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The primary feasibility steps of demonstrating the ability of microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) in phantoms have been previously reported. However, none were shown to target a diseased site in living subjects in thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) field so far. To determine the expressions of oncogenic surface ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.3466696

    authors: Nie L,Ou Z,Yang S,Xing D

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • A novel and individualized robust optimization method using normalized dose interval volume constraints (NDIVC) for intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is known to be sensitive to patient setup and range uncertainty issues. Multiple robust optimization methods have been developed to mitigate the impact of these uncertainties. Here, we propose a new robust optimization method, which provides an alternative way of robust...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.13276

    authors: Shan J,Sio TT,Liu C,Schild SE,Bues M,Liu W

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • A method for avoiding overlap of left and right lungs in shape model guided segmentation of lungs in CT volumes.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The automated correct segmentation of left and right lungs is a nontrivial problem, because the tissue layer between both lungs can be quite thin. In the case of lung segmentation with left and right lung models, overlapping segmentations can occur. In this paper, the authors address this issue and propose a so...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4894817

    authors: Gill G,Bauer C,Beichel RR

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • Image reconstruction for positron emission tomography based on patch-based regularization and dictionary learning.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important tool for nuclear medical imaging. It has been widely used in clinical diagnosis, scientific research, and drug testing. PET is a kind of emission computed tomography. Its basic imaging principle is to use the positron annihilation radiation generated by radionu...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.13804

    authors: Zhang W,Gao J,Yang Y,Liang D,Liu X,Zheng H,Hu Z

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Small-field electron dosimetry for the Philips SL25 linear accelerator.

    abstract::Electron-beam characteristics of a Philips SL25 linear accelerator have been studied. Central-axis percentage depth doses, cross-beam profiles and beam output factors of 6-, 10-, and 20-MeV beams, selected from the available energy range of 4 to 22 MeV, are reported in this paper. The main thrust of this work is to de...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596471

    authors: Rashid H,Islam MK,Gaballa H,Rosenow UF,Ting JY

    更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00

  • WE-E-217BCD-02: Update on the Upcoming ACR Digital Mammography QC Manual.

    abstract:PURPOSE:We propose a new metric called Distance Discordance (DD), which is defined as the distance between two anatomic points from two moving images, which are co-located on some reference image, when deformed onto another reference image. METHODS:To demonstrate the concept of DD, we created a reference software phan...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4736139

    authors: Berns E

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • A respiratory-gated treatment system for proton therapy.

    abstract::Proton therapy offers the potential for excellent dose conformity and reduction in integral dose. The superior dose distribution is, however, much more sensitive to changes in radiological depths along the beam path than for photon fields. Respiratory motion can cause such changes for treatments sites like lung, liver...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2756602

    authors: Lu HM,Brett R,Sharp G,Safai S,Jiang S,Flanz J,Kooy H

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00

  • Rejection and redistribution of scattered radiation in scan equalization digital radiography (SEDR): simulation with spot images.

    abstract::The anti-scatter grid has been widely used to reject scatter and increase the perceptibility of a low-contrast object in chest radiography; however, it also attenuated the primary x-rays, resulting in a substantial loss of information and an increased relative noise level in heavily attenuated regions. A more dose eff...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.2739805

    authors: Liu X,Shaw CC

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Transverse axial film tomography with a therapy simulator.

    abstract::A tomographic attachment was designed and developed that attaches to our existing simulator. The film tomograms obtained with the aid of this device exhibit very low geometrical distortion and good contrast and resolution for the objects used in this investigation. In addition, our results to date show that adjacent a...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.594662

    authors: Kessaris ND,Harisiadis L

    更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00

  • SU-E-T-210: Surviving a Visit by the Radiological Physics Center.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To demonstrate an objective approach to determining if a negative report from the Radiological Physics Center (RPC) of greater than 10% error is valid or has clinical significance. METHODS:The discrepancy involved the clinical activity (mgRaEq) of Cs-137 sources, some manufactured by 3M and some by Amersham. M...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.4735271

    authors: Grant W 3rd,Mcgary J,Rosen I,Nitsch P,Davidson S

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Imaging of radiation dose by visible color development in ferrous-agarose-xylenol orange gels.

    abstract::Imaging of radiation dose distribution in gel phantoms by magnetic resonance techniques has previously been reported. In this paper a method of producing gels in which the distributions of radiation dose can also be visualized as a color change is reported. The color developed depends qualitatively and quantitatively ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.596676

    authors: Appleby A,Leghrouz A

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Statistical analysis of dose-volume and dose-wall histograms for rectal toxicity following 3D-CRT in prostate cancer.

    abstract::The purpose of this paper is to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram (DVH) and dose wall-histogram (DWH) in the evaluation of rectal complications for prostate cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). A retrospective analysis of DVHs and DWHs of a subset of 25 ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.1951427

    authors: García-Vicente F,Zapatero A,Floriano A,Cruz-Conde A,Perez L,Marín A,Mínguez C,Torres JJ

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00

  • The accuracy of SPECT brain activation images: propagation of registration errors.

    abstract::Functional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of brain activation are based on a comparison of base line and activation images. The correctness of the functional images depends, among other factors, on the accurate spatial registration (alignment) of the base line and activation image data. The ...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1118/1.597412

    authors: Sychra JJ,Pavel DG,Chen Y,Jani A

    更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00

  • Development and implementation of EPID-based quality assurance tests for the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP).

    abstract:PURPOSE:Although small animal image-guided radiotherapy (SA-IGRT) systems are used increasingly in preclinical research, tools for performing routine quality assurance (QA) have not been optimized and are not readily available. Robust, efficient, and reliable QA tools are needed to ensure the accuracy and reproducibili...

    journal_title:Medical physics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/mp.12939

    authors: Anvari A,Poirier Y,Sawant A

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00