Abstract:
:The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a complication of many illnesses such as sepsis, pneumonia and trauma afflicting over 150,000 patients per year. While progress in intensive care medicine has increased the survival rates in many of these underlying illnesses, major obstacles remain in the successful therapy of ARDS. Animal and human investigations shed light on the pathophysiology of the illness that is allowing researchers to formulate promising new treatment strategies.
journal_name
Annu Rev Medjournal_title
Annual review of medicineauthors
Bernard GR,Brigham KLdoi
10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.001211subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
195-205eissn
0066-4219issn
1545-326Xjournal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence, but the mortality rate remains flat. Debate has arisen over the need to detect or treat most thyroid cancers early, given their favorable natural history. The appropriate extent of surgery for thyroid cancer is also controversial: some researchers advocate partial and...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061512-105739
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetically determined diseases characterized by abnormal fragility of the skin and mucosa. In this chapter, we review current thinking about classification, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, and we discuss management guidelines. ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001201
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary thrombosis on an ulcerated atheroma. We now believe that the predominant cause of this intimal disruption is the rupture of the atheroma through the intimal surface, caused by enzymes released by activated macrophages. The subsequent clinical course following atheroma ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.000343
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eosinophil is characterized by specific cytoplasmic granules that contain a series of cationic toxins able to kill many targets, including helminths, protozoa, bacteria, and other cells. In bronchial asthma, considerable evidence exists that the eosinophil releases granule proteins, especially the major basic prot...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.000505
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Th...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061813-012806
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of diverse clinical interventions that are practiced because of their popularity rather than the prior demonstration of safety and efficacy required for conventional agents. CAM therapies can be grouped into five categories: biologically based therapies, manipulati...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103657
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Racial and ethnic disparities span the continuum of cancer care and are driven by a complex interplay among social, psychosocial, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health. Research is needed to identify these determinants of cancer health disparities and to develop interventions t...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-070119-120305
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Antisense technology exploits oligonucleotide analogs to bind to target RNAs via Watson-Crick hybridization. Once bound, the antisense agent either disables or induces the degradation of the target RNA. Antisense agents can also alter splicing. During the past decade, much has been learned about the basic mechanisms o...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.104408
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An effective host response to infection or tissue damage requires focal accumulation of leukocytes. Leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, a key step in this process, depends on the ordered expression of specific endothelial cell surface molecules. The endothelial molecules that support adhesion include selectins that...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.361
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a potentially lethal disease that presents with rapidly progressive multiple organ thromboses. Anticoagulation, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are the most commonly used treatments for CAPS patients. However, the high mortality despite ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042915-102529
更新日期:2017-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a well-established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT has become a more readily available and useful new treatment option as a result of stool banks. The current state of knowledge indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in sev...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-111717-122956
更新日期:2019-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicates opportunistic infection or unusual malignancy associated with a marked deficiency of cell mediated immunity in the absence of any other cause of the immune defect. This review examines epidemiology, virology, and immunology associated with this disorder. The syndrome appear...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.002553
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac late potentials are observed by using a high-resolution, computer-processed ECG that can detect very low-level signals not seen with standard ECG techniques. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that patients with low-level signals after the QRS complexes (late potentials) are at much higher risk of ven...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001105
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now well recognized that the atherosclerotic plaques responsible for thrombus formation are not necessarily those that impinge most on the lumen of the vessel. Nevertheless, clinical investigations for atherosclerosis still focus on quantifying the degree of stenosis caused by plaques. Many of the features assoc...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-041709-133809
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paget's disease affects approximately 3% of the population over age forty. It may be genetically transmitted (autosomal-dominant), but recent evidence suggests a viral etiology. Effective agents for control of the disorder have been developed over the past decade, but all have significant drawbacks. Calcitonin tends t...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.28.020177.001043
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062218-023720
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::In 2012, a zoonotic coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome and was named MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). As of August 11, 2016, the virus has infected 1,791 patients, with a mortality rate of 35.6%. Although MERS-CoV generally causes subclinical or mild disease, infection ca...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-051215-031152
更新日期:2017-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancers present as a spectrum of neoplasms. The natural histories of the neoplasms are tied to the biological properties of the neoplastic cells that compose them. We review the histological, cytological, kinetic, and other parameters that best characterize the clinical biology of breast cancer. ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.39.020188.002321
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E has a worldwide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently been cloned and sequenced and new diagnostic tests have been developed; these tests have been used to begin to characterize the n...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.257
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endothelium is a physical barrier between the blood and vascular smooth muscle, a source of enzymes activating and deactivating cardiovascular hormones and a site of production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition, the endothelium is a source of growth inhibitors and promoters of vascular smooth muscle...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.002143
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.000521
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the psychiatric hospital changed dramatically during the twentieth century. Formerly the primary location for psychiatric treatment, the hospital now plays a more circumscribed role within a community-based system of care. Crisis stabilization, safety, and a focus on rapid discharge are the critical com...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.042607.080257
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes, with azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm, that have spontaneous cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells, virus-infected cells, and some normal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. When lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.37.020186.002023
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the complement system in mediating human renal disease has long been recognized in immune-complex excess syndromes such as systemic lupus erythematosus and in dense deposit disease in which no immunoglobulin (Ig) is present. Over the past 15 years, mutations in complement regulatory genes have been demonst...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-072211-110606
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 antibodies of varying formulations have been evaluated in the clinic ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062518-045435
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized trials have studied bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer to investigate their ability to prevent treatment-induced bone loss. Trial results have also suggested their potential to prevent disease recurrence and metastases. These trials are summarized in this review. A recent patient...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-053014-103600
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infantile autism probably has many etiologies. Several specific genetic disorders appear to be associated with the syndrome much more often than would be expected by chance, but these account for only a minority of cases. In the majority of cases, where etiology is still unknown, genetic factors probably also play a r...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.002215
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiologic thrombolysis is efficient, while pathologic aberrations in the fibrinolytic system may result in either thrombotic or hemorrhagic disease. This review considers the molecular interactions involved in fibrinolysis, discusses the normal control mechanisms that provide for localized activation without systemi...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.37.020186.001155
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant progress has been made in identifying changes in cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic neurotransmitter systems in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, neurobiological approaches are beginning to reveal the relationships between these neurotransmitter abnormalities and histol...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.002025
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, platelet production was the least understood aspect of blood cell development. This gap in our understanding resulted from the scarcity of megakaryocytes, the marrow precursor of blood platelets, and from confusion surrounding the cytokines and hormones that support their development. The recent clonin...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.1
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00