Initiating events of acute coronary arterial occlusion.

abstract：:This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： FitzGerald JM,Macklem P

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide, resulting in a estimated 8 to 10 million new cases and 2 to 3 million deaths each year. Between 1953 and 1985, the number of TB cases in the US declined by an average of 6% per year. However, since 1985, TB has been increasing in the US. Approxima...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Huebner RE,Castro KG

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights into atherosclerosis, the most common disease affecting coronary arteries, may change therapeutic strategies from largely symptomatic to causal. Atherosclerotic plaques contain a lipid-related, immune-mediated inflammation, with release of secretory products capable of changing plaque morphology. Plaques ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Becker AE,de Boer OJ,van Der Wal AC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro coculture studies of normal T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, or monocytes with human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) suggest a potential role for immune cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In some patients with severe aplastic anemia or selective pure red cell, white cell, or megakaryocyte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Mangan KF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, platelet production was the least understood aspect of blood cell development. This gap in our understanding resulted from the scarcity of megakaryocytes, the marrow precursor of blood platelets, and from confusion surrounding the cytokines and hormones that support their development. The recent clonin...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kaushansky K

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Diabetes Data Group and the World Health Organization recently made recommendations concerning the classification of diabetes mellitus and proposed new diagnostic criteria. These recommendations are summarized and their bases elucidated. Certain discrepancies between the recommendations are apparent and t...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bennett PH

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Implantable cardiac pacing and defibrillation devices are effective and commonly used therapies for patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. Because device implantation is not easily reversible, as well as the high healthcare costs inherent in device use, a clear understanding of the clinical benefits relative to costs...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Groeneveld PW,Dixit S

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Several monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells have been tested as therapeutics for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. We review important observations from randomized clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of anti-B cell antibody-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antine...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Faurschou M,Jayne DR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure is a serious consequence of renal ischemia. The diagnosis carries an associated high mortality rate. When blood flow to the kidneys is inadequate to supply metabolic demands, a number of pathophysiological changes occur that ultimately result in cell death and tissue dysfunction, characterized by a...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bonventre JV

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisense technology exploits oligonucleotide analogs to bind to target RNAs via Watson-Crick hybridization. Once bound, the antisense agent either disables or induces the degradation of the target RNA. Antisense agents can also alter splicing. During the past decade, much has been learned about the basic mechanisms o...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Crooke ST

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paget's disease affects approximately 3% of the population over age forty. It may be genetically transmitted (autosomal-dominant), but recent evidence suggests a viral etiology. Effective agents for control of the disorder have been developed over the past decade, but all have significant drawbacks. Calcitonin tends t...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ryan WG

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of diverse clinical interventions that are practiced because of their popularity rather than the prior demonstration of safety and efficacy required for conventional agents. CAM therapies can be grouped into five categories: biologically based therapies, manipulati...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Berman JD,Straus SE

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding and treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has progressed since 1960 in parallel with work on cancer in general. CML provided the first evidence of a specific genetic change associated with a human cancer (the Philadelphia chromosome) and the clonal nature of these disorders. With improved c...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Nowell PC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologic therapy of recurrent nephrolithiasis continues to be the mainstay of the strategy to prevent recurrence. This approach persists even in the face of increasing evidence of a marked benefit of mere entry into a nonpharmacologic diet and fluid modification protocol at a clinic specializing in the evaluation...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Goldfarb S

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of the role of the immune system in modulating glomerular injury continues to evolve. The participation of antibody, complement, and neutrophils alone cannot completely explain many aspects of the pathways of experimental and human glomerulonephritis. The elements of the immune system that mediate ce...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Rovin BH,Schreiner GF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:States of hypersecretion of PTH may occur primarily, or in response to other physiologic abnormalities. Primary hyperparathyroidism must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, metabolic bone disease, and pancreatitis and peptic-ulcer disease. The clinical manifestations of this ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bone HG 3rd,Snyder WH 3rd,Pak CY

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silverstein MJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 study (HPTN 052) was a clinical trial designed to determine whether early treatment for HIV infection prevented transmission of the virus in couples where one partner was infected with HIV and the other was not, referred to as HIV serodiscordant or serodifferent couples. The study...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Cohen MS,Gamble T,McCauley M

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the psychiatric hospital changed dramatically during the twentieth century. Formerly the primary location for psychiatric treatment, the hospital now plays a more circumscribed role within a community-based system of care. Crisis stabilization, safety, and a focus on rapid discharge are the critical com...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sharfstein SS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial flutter is a macroreentrant tachyarrhythmia most often contained within the right atrium. Typical atrial flutter is defined on an electrocardiogram by the classic "sawtooth" pattern of flutter waves with negative polarity in leads II, III, and aVF. In contrast to atrial fibrillation, which is sustained by multi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Daoud EG,Morady F

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetically determined diseases characterized by abnormal fragility of the skin and mucosa. In this chapter, we review current thinking about classification, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, and we discuss management guidelines. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lin AN,Carter DM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kapadia CR,Donaldson RM Jr

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Grosser T,Yu Y,Fitzgerald GA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic diseases of the kidney are common, often progressive disorders. The best of several alternative hypotheses to explain their development cites tubular dilation and compression of adjacent tissue. The initiating event may involve focal proliferation of epithelial cells and a consequent increase in the resistance ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gardner KD Jr

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease reflects the failure of airways defense against chronic bacterial infection. Studies of CF cultures, transgenic mice, and CF patients suggest that the initiating event in CF airways disease pathogenesis is reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, i.e., dehydration. CF ASL volume re...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Boucher RC

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal involvement by systemic lupus is variable; some patients have minimal clinical and histologic involvement, whereas others have fulminant renal failure and severe proliferative renal lesions on biopsy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has greatly aided in the study of lupus nephritis. This class...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Appel GB,Valeri A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in our knowledge of the physiology of pain transmission and modulation have created new surgical options for the control of chronic pain. The pain modulation network can be activated by administration of spinal opiates or by electrical stimulation of the nervous system with transcutaneous, peripheral nerve, s...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Landau B,Levy RM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life expectancy has increased dramatically in the United States and in much of the world in recent years and decades. The factors underlying this increase are incompletely understood and are undoubtedly complex. A question that drives current research is whether life expectancy can be further extended using current kn...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sierra F,Hadley E,Suzman R,Hodes R

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past decade has witnessed profound increases in knowledge of the structure, function, and developmental regulation of the human globin genes. This information has deepened our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inherited disorders affecting hemoglobin, and it has provided a new persp...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Stamatoyannopoulos JA,Nienhuis AW

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00