Abstract:
:Until recently, platelet production was the least understood aspect of blood cell development. This gap in our understanding resulted from the scarcity of megakaryocytes, the marrow precursor of blood platelets, and from confusion surrounding the cytokines and hormones that support their development. The recent cloning and characterization of thrombopoietin (TPO) has profoundly changed our understanding of platelet production. Using in vitro assay systems, several groups have shown that TPO supports the proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature platelet-producing cells. Moreover, and somewhat surprisingly, TPO also acts in synergy with other pluripotent cytokines on the hematopoietic stem cell to augment development of erythroid and myeloid progenitors. These in vitro effects correlate well with the in vivo biology of the hormone. When administered to normal animals, TPO expands the numbers of hematopoietic progenitors of all lineages and greatly accelerates platelet production. Moreover, when TPO or its receptor is genetically eliminated, progenitor cell levels of all lineages are reduced, and platelet production is profoundly impaired. In animals administered cytoreductive therapy, the use of TPO is associated with accelerated hematopoietic recovery, not only of megakaryocytes and platelets, but also of erythrocytes and leukocytes. It, thus, is hoped that TPO may play an important role in reducing the myelosuppressive complications of naturally occurring and iatrogenic states of marrow failure.
journal_name
Annu Rev Medjournal_title
Annual review of medicineauthors
Kaushansky Kdoi
10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-11eissn
0066-4219issn
1545-326Xjournal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The standard of care for the evaluation of axillary nodal involvement remains complete lymph node dissection. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy are changing this long-held paradigm; indeed, several leading institutions already reserve complete axillary dissection for patients with metastasis to th...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::IgG subclasses represent distinct immunoglobulin types, each defined by unique primary structures of the constant region of the heavy-chain molecule, and each with characteristic biological and functional properties. New methods and reagents to measure serum concentrations have contributed to the study of the ontogeny...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.002013
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-01-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-01-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.000343
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062310-094219
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.001035
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotr...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050911-161504
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002013
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001435
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) continues to increase over time, but there has been little change in the availability of organs for cardiac transplantation, intensifying the demand for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplantation. There is also a growing number of pat...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-01-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective distal splenorenal shunt has been shown to be equally as effective as total portal-systemic shunting procedures in the control of variceal hemorrhage and it can now be performed with an equivalent operative mortality. It is superior to other shunts in metabolic aspects and results in a markedly decreased...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001305
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.001313
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence, but the mortality rate remains flat. Debate has arisen over the need to detect or treat most thyroid cancers early, given their favorable natural history. The appropriate extent of surgery for thyroid cancer is also controversial: some researchers advocate partial and...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past 10 years, the number of genetic tests performed more than tripled, and public concern about genetic privacy emerged. The majority of states and the U.S. government have passed regulations protecting genetic information. However, research has shown that concerns about genetic privacy are disproportionat...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive electrophysiologic studies are used to guide drug and non-pharmacologic therapy, including surgery, in patients with ventricular tachycardia. We discuss the indications, methods, and results of electrophysiologic studies in these patients. Both catheter and intraoperative studies are described. This approach ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.37.020186.000245
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was a mystery for over half a century until the discovery of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 is primarily synthesized in the liver, and its main function is to cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF) anchored on the endothelial surface, in circulation, and at the sites of vascul...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00