Apolipoprotein E alleles as risk factors in Alzheimer's disease.

abstract：:Gallstones can now be treated nonsurgically as well as surgically. The current view is that only symptomatic gallstones should be treated; of these, only cholesterol gallstones can be treated nonsurgically. Cholesterol gallstones in a functioning gallbladder will dissolve slowly when the secretion of unsaturated bile ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hofmann AF

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overexpression and aberrant function of members of the erbB family of receptors, particularly erbB1 (also known as epidermal growth factor receptor), and its ligands in many human cancers have provided a rationale for targeting this signaling network with novel approaches. erbB1 is a selective target for inhibitin...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Rowinsky EK

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel and often unrelated developments in health care and technology have all been necessary to bring about early detection of lung cancer and the opportunity to decrease mortality from lung cancer through early detection of the disease by computed tomography. Lung cancer screening programs provide education for pa...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Jacobson FL,Jaklitsch MT

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding and treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has progressed since 1960 in parallel with work on cancer in general. CML provided the first evidence of a specific genetic change associated with a human cancer (the Philadelphia chromosome) and the clonal nature of these disorders. With improved c...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Nowell PC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hybridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immuno...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Levy R,Miller RA

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past 10 years, the number of genetic tests performed more than tripled, and public concern about genetic privacy emerged. The majority of states and the U.S. government have passed regulations protecting genetic information. However, research has shown that concerns about genetic privacy are disproportionat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sankar P

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the complement system in mediating human renal disease has long been recognized in immune-complex excess syndromes such as systemic lupus erythematosus and in dense deposit disease in which no immunoglobulin (Ig) is present. Over the past 15 years, mutations in complement regulatory genes have been demonst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Java A,Atkinson J,Salmon J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following its early entry into the central nervous system (CNS), HIV-1 alters cerebral cell architecture and may subsequently affect higher cognitive functions, leading eventually in some patients to HIV-1 encephalopathy. The CNS may also be the target of opportunistic infections and malignancy secondary to HIV-1 immu...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bridge TP,Ingraham LJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precision medicine was conceptualized on the strength of genomic sequence analysis. High-throughput functional metrics have enhanced sequence interpretation and clinical precision. These technologies include metabolomics, magnetic resonance imaging, and I rhythm (cardiac monitoring), among others. These technologies a...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Caskey T

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncolo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tao JJ,Schram AM,Hyman DM

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The familial nature of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (FMEN) has been recognized for some time but little is known about their cause. Recent application of new molecular techniques has mapped FMEN syndromes to specific chromosomes and provided evidence for the mechanism through which neoplasia occurs. In this ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Nanes MS,Catherwood BD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) continues to increase over time, but there has been little change in the availability of organs for cardiac transplantation, intensifying the demand for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplantation. There is also a growing number of pat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Miller RJH,Teuteberg JJ,Hunt SA

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The genetic component is heterogeneous and in some patients is probably complex, involving multiple genes. Specific genetic defects have been identified for rate monogenic forms of NIDDM: maturity-onset diabetes of the...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kahn CR,Vicent D,Doria A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:States of hypersecretion of PTH may occur primarily, or in response to other physiologic abnormalities. Primary hyperparathyroidism must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, metabolic bone disease, and pancreatitis and peptic-ulcer disease. The clinical manifestations of this ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bone HG 3rd,Snyder WH 3rd,Pak CY

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silverstein MJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart transplantation has evolved over the past 30 years into a mainstay of therapy for heart failure patients. As the surgical technique and basic immunology were defined, heart transplantation became a real therapeutic option. Over the next few decades, thoracic transplant teams at Stanford University and other inst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Miniati DN,Robbins RC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Racial and ethnic disparities span the continuum of cancer care and are driven by a complex interplay among social, psychosocial, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health. Research is needed to identify these determinants of cancer health disparities and to develop interventions t...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Freedman JA,Al Abo M,Allen TA,Piwarski SA,Wegermann K,Patierno SR

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis E has a worldwide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently been cloned and sequenced and new diagnostic tests have been developed; these tests have been used to begin to characterize the n...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Mast EE,Krawczynski K

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lindheimer MD,Katz AI

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence, but the mortality rate remains flat. Debate has arisen over the need to detect or treat most thyroid cancers early, given their favorable natural history. The appropriate extent of surgery for thyroid cancer is also controversial: some researchers advocate partial and...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Carling T,Udelsman R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of an HIV vaccine is proving to be an unprecedented challenge. The difficulty in creating this vaccine arises from the enormous genetic variation of the virus and the unusual importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in controlling its spread. Whereas traditional vaccine strategies are unlikely to co...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Letvin NL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common hematologic disorder manifested by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis remains one of exclusion, after other thrombocytopenic disorders are ruled out based on history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The goal of treatment is to raise th...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Cines DB,McMillan R

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 antagonists inhibit HIV-1 entry by blocking the interaction of HIV-1 with the CCR5 cellular receptor. In patients with established HIV-1 infection, some viral strains use an alternative coreceptor for HIV-1 entry, CXCR4; CCR5 antagonists are not effective in patients harboring these viral strains. Coreceptor trop...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Wilkin TJ,Gulick RM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant progress has been made in identifying changes in cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic neurotransmitter systems in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, neurobiological approaches are beginning to reveal the relationships between these neurotransmitter abnormalities and histol...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Price DL,Whitehouse PJ,Struble RG

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basis of the current treatment of rectal cancer is a radical total mesorectal excision of the rectum, and although this provides excellent oncological control, it is associated with morbidity and functional problems in cancer survivors. Organ-preservation alternatives are local excision alone for very early tumors...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Beets GL,Figueiredo NF,Beets-Tan RG

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been replicated evidence demonstrating the rapid and potent antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Moreover, prec...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Abdallah CG,Sanacora G,Duman RS,Krystal JH

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clonal populations of cells can be identified by a number of different independent approaches, including analyses of karyotype, gene rearrangements, deletions or point mutations, X-linked polymorphisms, and integration of virus into the genome. Assessment of clonality has yielded valuable and surprising clues to the p...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gilliland DG,Blanchard KL,Bunn HF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress and starvation, especially when complicated by sepsis, will give rise to a rapid erosion of the cellular mass, which significantly affects morbidity and mortality. The best clinical evaluation of the nutritional state is obtained from the medical history and the physical examination. In the patient who cannot e...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Shizgal HM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurocysticercosis is now recognized as a common cause of neurologic disease in developing countries and the United States. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations vary with the site of infection and accompanying host response. Inactive infection should be treated symptomatically. Active parenchymal infection res...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： White AC Jr

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00