Recent advances in surgery for emphysema.

abstract：:Brain imaging is increasingly applied in psychiatry, both for clinical evaluation and as a research tool. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have documented that structural brain abnormalities occur in some types of psychiatric patients, particularly those who suffer from schizophrenia. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Andreasen NC

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium difficile infection is associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospital patients. Pathogenic strains of C. difficile produce two protein exotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which cause colonic mucosal injury and inflammation. Infection may be asy...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kelly CP,LaMont JT

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improved immunosuppressive regimens, advances in surgical proficiency and techniques, and improved supportive medical care have translated into dramatic increases in graft survival in organ transplantation and in patient outcome in bone marrow transplantation. Though effective immunosuppression has also led to an incr...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Robbins RA,Floreani AA,Buchalter SE,Spurzem JR,Sisson JH,Rennard SI

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： FitzGerald JM,Macklem P

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights into atherosclerosis, the most common disease affecting coronary arteries, may change therapeutic strategies from largely symptomatic to causal. Atherosclerotic plaques contain a lipid-related, immune-mediated inflammation, with release of secretory products capable of changing plaque morphology. Plaques ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Becker AE,de Boer OJ,van Der Wal AC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes, with azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm, that have spontaneous cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells, virus-infected cells, and some normal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. When lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Herberman RB

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is well established as a treatment for patients with moderate to severe heart failure on optimal medical therapy. Early studies demonstrated improved functional capacity and evidence of reverse remodeling; more recently, CRT has been associated with a survival benefit in advance...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hasan A,Abraham WT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precision medicine was conceptualized on the strength of genomic sequence analysis. High-throughput functional metrics have enhanced sequence interpretation and clinical precision. These technologies include metabolomics, magnetic resonance imaging, and I rhythm (cardiac monitoring), among others. These technologies a...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Caskey T

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The most significant complication of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in uremia is the development of osteitis fibrosa cystica. The hormone also appears to play a role in soft-tissue and organ calcification, metabolic abnormalities (glucose, lipids), and electroencephalographic changes seen in uremic patients...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Klahr S,Slatopolsky E

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basis of the current treatment of rectal cancer is a radical total mesorectal excision of the rectum, and although this provides excellent oncological control, it is associated with morbidity and functional problems in cancer survivors. Organ-preservation alternatives are local excision alone for very early tumors...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Beets GL,Figueiredo NF,Beets-Tan RG

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in our knowledge of the physiology of pain transmission and modulation have created new surgical options for the control of chronic pain. The pain modulation network can be activated by administration of spinal opiates or by electrical stimulation of the nervous system with transcutaneous, peripheral nerve, s...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Landau B,Levy RM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the increasing understanding of cancer as a heterogeneous group of diseases, detection methods should offer a sensitivity profile that ensures perfect sensitivity for biologically important cancers while screening out self-limiting pseudocancers. However, mammographic screening is biased toward detection of duct...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kuhl CK

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoetic stem cell disorder characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and resultant production of the constitutively activated Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Characterized clinically by marked myeloid proliferation, it invariably terminates in an acute leukemia. Conventi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： O'Dwyer ME,Mauro MJ,Druker BJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a potentially lethal disease that presents with rapidly progressive multiple organ thromboses. Anticoagulation, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are the most commonly used treatments for CAPS patients. However, the high mortality despite ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Unlu O,Erkan D

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silverstein MJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 antagonists inhibit HIV-1 entry by blocking the interaction of HIV-1 with the CCR5 cellular receptor. In patients with established HIV-1 infection, some viral strains use an alternative coreceptor for HIV-1 entry, CXCR4; CCR5 antagonists are not effective in patients harboring these viral strains. Coreceptor trop...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Wilkin TJ,Gulick RM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the complement system in mediating human renal disease has long been recognized in immune-complex excess syndromes such as systemic lupus erythematosus and in dense deposit disease in which no immunoglobulin (Ig) is present. Over the past 15 years, mutations in complement regulatory genes have been demonst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Java A,Atkinson J,Salmon J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium antagonists are an exciting "class" of drugs that are already making an important impact in the treatment of coronary artery disease. All three drugs in use in the US, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, are effective coronary vasodilators. In addition, verapamil and diltiazem have antiarrhythmic activit...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Schwartz A,Triggle DJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kawasaki Syndrome is a newly recognized clinical entity characterized by multisystem involvement. It has an acute onset and a triphasic clinical course. Although essentially a self-limited disease, permanent vascular damage, especially involving the coronary arteries, may result. Pathologically the disease is characte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Melish ME

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a lesser extent, these effects will occur at usual therapeutic concentration. Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our understanding...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Glassman AH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of sensitive metabolic tests, such as the deoxyuridine suppression test and measurement of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, to cobalamin status has identified the entity of mild, preclinical cobalamin deficiency. This state, common in the elderly, responds to cobalamin therapy. Preclinical deficien...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Carmel R

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overexpression and aberrant function of members of the erbB family of receptors, particularly erbB1 (also known as epidermal growth factor receptor), and its ligands in many human cancers have provided a rationale for targeting this signaling network with novel approaches. erbB1 is a selective target for inhibitin...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Rowinsky EK

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicates opportunistic infection or unusual malignancy associated with a marked deficiency of cell mediated immunity in the absence of any other cause of the immune defect. This review examines epidemiology, virology, and immunology associated with this disorder. The syndrome appear...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Weiss A,Hollander H,Stobo J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology have recently been applied to the study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human tissues and have enhanced our knowledge of viral persistence and chronic liver disease. These molecular studies strengthen previous epidemiologic evidence for an association between HBV chron...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Shafritz DA,Lieberman HM

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal immune system has the challenge of maintaining both a state of tolerance toward intestinal antigens and the ability to combat pathogens. This balance is partially achieved by reciprocal regulation of proinflammatory, effector CD4(+) T cells and tolerizing, suppressive regulatory T cells. Inflammatory bo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Abraham C,Cho JH

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The genetic component is heterogeneous and in some patients is probably complex, involving multiple genes. Specific genetic defects have been identified for rate monogenic forms of NIDDM: maturity-onset diabetes of the...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kahn CR,Vicent D,Doria A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral drugs are important in the management of seasonal influenza and critical to pandemic planning. Although several other classes of anti-influenza compounds exist, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are currently the only option in most clinical settings. These drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, prevent the relea...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Moscona A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IgG subclasses represent distinct immunoglobulin types, each defined by unique primary structures of the constant region of the heavy-chain molecule, and each with characteristic biological and functional properties. New methods and reagents to measure serum concentrations have contributed to the study of the ontogeny...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ochs HD,Wedgwood RJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary thrombosis on an ulcerated atheroma. We now believe that the predominant cause of this intimal disruption is the rupture of the atheroma through the intimal surface, caused by enzymes released by activated macrophages. The subsequent clinical course following atheroma ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Forrester JS,Litvack F,Grundfest W

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure is a serious consequence of renal ischemia. The diagnosis carries an associated high mortality rate. When blood flow to the kidneys is inadequate to supply metabolic demands, a number of pathophysiological changes occur that ultimately result in cell death and tissue dysfunction, characterized by a...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bonventre JV

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00