Clostridium difficile infection.

abstract：:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The majority of PTLD is of B-cell origin and associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). During the past decade progress has been made in better understanding the pathogene...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gottschalk S,Rooney CM,Heslop HE

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GnRH and its analogues have led to exciting new avenues of therapy in virtually every subspecialty of internal medicine as well as in gynecology, pediatrics, and urology. Since their discovery in 1971, it has been demonstrated that GnRH and its analogues enable medical professionals to influence the hypothalamic-pitui...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Conn PM,Crowley WF Jr

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 antibodies of varying formulations have been evaluated in the clinic ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Vonderheide RH

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetically determined diseases characterized by abnormal fragility of the skin and mucosa. In this chapter, we review current thinking about classification, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, and we discuss management guidelines. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lin AN,Carter DM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide, resulting in a estimated 8 to 10 million new cases and 2 to 3 million deaths each year. Between 1953 and 1985, the number of TB cases in the US declined by an average of 6% per year. However, since 1985, TB has been increasing in the US. Approxima...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Huebner RE,Castro KG

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infantile autism probably has many etiologies. Several specific genetic disorders appear to be associated with the syndrome much more often than would be expected by chance, but these account for only a minority of cases. In the majority of cases, where etiology is still unknown, genetic factors probably also play a r...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Folstein SE

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Airway hyperresponsiveness to a large number of stimuli is a characteristic of asthma in humans. Various components of the tracheobronchial tree might contribute to this characteristic, such as smooth muscle, the bronchial epithelium, various neurohumoral mechanisms, and the mechanical linkages between the lung parenc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ingram RH Jr

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a lesser extent, these effects will occur at usual therapeutic concentration. Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our understanding...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Glassman AH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The genetic component is heterogeneous and in some patients is probably complex, involving multiple genes. Specific genetic defects have been identified for rate monogenic forms of NIDDM: maturity-onset diabetes of the...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kahn CR,Vicent D,Doria A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All potent CNS depressant drugs can depress cardiac function in man in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-effect curve is considerably flatter with several drugs (diethyl ether, cyclopropane, fluroxene, isoflurane, and ketamine), presumably from sympathetic nervous-system activation. Potent analgesics and tranquilizers...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Merin RG

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Attaye I,Pinto-Sietsma SJ,Herrema H,Nieuwdorp M

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk assessments are integral for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, individuals may develop CMD without traditional risk factors, necessitating the development of novel biomarkers to aid risk prediction. The emergence of omic technologies, including genomics, proteomics, and meta...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tahir UA,Gerszten RE

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Grosser T,Yu Y,Fitzgerald GA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is well established as a treatment for patients with moderate to severe heart failure on optimal medical therapy. Early studies demonstrated improved functional capacity and evidence of reverse remodeling; more recently, CRT has been associated with a survival benefit in advance...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hasan A,Abraham WT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary thrombosis on an ulcerated atheroma. We now believe that the predominant cause of this intimal disruption is the rupture of the atheroma through the intimal surface, caused by enzymes released by activated macrophages. The subsequent clinical course following atheroma ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Forrester JS,Litvack F,Grundfest W

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past 10 years, the number of genetic tests performed more than tripled, and public concern about genetic privacy emerged. The majority of states and the U.S. government have passed regulations protecting genetic information. However, research has shown that concerns about genetic privacy are disproportionat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sankar P

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surgical management of arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities is reviewed, with emphasis on extra-anatomic and reoperative methods. Consideration is given to alternative interventional radiologic techniques, both as definitive therapy as well as in conjunction with conventional surgical reconstruction...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Whittemore AD,Couch NP,Mannick JA

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ preservation is the supply line for organ transplantation. Currently, the liver, pancreas, and kidney can be successfully preserved for up to two days by flushing the organs with the University of Wisconsin (UW) organ preservation solution and storing them at hypothermia (0-5 degree C). The UW solution is effect...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Southard JH,Belzer FO

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) continues to increase over time, but there has been little change in the availability of organs for cardiac transplantation, intensifying the demand for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplantation. There is also a growing number of pat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Miller RJH,Teuteberg JJ,Hunt SA

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in our knowledge of the physiology of pain transmission and modulation have created new surgical options for the control of chronic pain. The pain modulation network can be activated by administration of spinal opiates or by electrical stimulation of the nervous system with transcutaneous, peripheral nerve, s...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Landau B,Levy RM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is the most common dysrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. For some patients, satisfactory rate control is not possible by pharmacologic means. This led us to develop a surgical approach to its cure, which in turn has led to a deeper understanding of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial fib...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Cox JL,Sundt TM 3rd

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal immune system has the challenge of maintaining both a state of tolerance toward intestinal antigens and the ability to combat pathogens. This balance is partially achieved by reciprocal regulation of proinflammatory, effector CD4(+) T cells and tolerizing, suppressive regulatory T cells. Inflammatory bo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Abraham C,Cho JH

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacogenetics deals with inherited differences in the response to drugs. The best-recognized examples are genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affect about 30% of all drugs. Loss of function of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) results in severe and life-threatening hematopoietic toxicity i...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Eichelbaum M,Ingelman-Sundberg M,Evans WE

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a complication of many illnesses such as sepsis, pneumonia and trauma afflicting over 150,000 patients per year. While progress in intensive care medicine has increased the survival rates in many of these underlying illnesses, major obstacles remain in the successful therapy ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bernard GR,Brigham KL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a well-established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT has become a more readily available and useful new treatment option as a result of stool banks. The current state of knowledge indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in sev...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ooijevaar RE,Terveer EM,Verspaget HW,Kuijper EJ,Keller JJ

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms are major features of adaptation to our environment. In mammals, circadian rhythms are generated and regulated by a circadian timing system. This system consists of entertainment pathways, pacemakers, and pace-maker output to effector systems that are under circadian control. The primary entertainmen...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Moore RY

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lindheimer MD,Katz AI

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eccrine sweat is produced by millions of miniscule glands buried in the skin. Eccrine sweating from the general body surface is an extremely important function in human thermoregulation; disturbances either in the control of sweating activity or in the glands themselves can result in problems ranging from minor social...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Quinton PM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IgG subclasses represent distinct immunoglobulin types, each defined by unique primary structures of the constant region of the heavy-chain molecule, and each with characteristic biological and functional properties. New methods and reagents to measure serum concentrations have contributed to the study of the ontogeny...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ochs HD,Wedgwood RJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00