Genetics of non-insulin-dependent (type-II) diabetes mellitus.

Abstract:

:Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The genetic component is heterogeneous and in some patients is probably complex, involving multiple genes. Specific genetic defects have been identified for rate monogenic forms of NIDDM: maturity-onset diabetes of the young, or MODY (which is due to glucokinase mutations in about 40% of families), syndromes of extreme insulin resistance (which often involve the insulin receptor), and diabetes-deafness syndromes (with defects in mitochondrial genes). In contrast, the genes involved in common forms of NIDDM are still uncertain. Mutations have been extensively searched in genes regulating insulin signaling and secretion. Some evidence of involvement has been produced for insulin-receptor substrate-1, glycogen synthase, the glucagon receptor, a ras-related protein (Rad), histocompatibility antigens, PC-1, and fatty acid binding protein, but the contributions of these genes to NIDDM is probably small. Other candidate genes (e.g. insulin, insulin receptor, glucose transporters) have been excluded as major diabetogenes. New insights are expected in the near future from the systematic scanning of the genome for linkage with NIDDM.

journal_name

Annu Rev Med

authors

Kahn CR,Vicent D,Doria A

doi

10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.509

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1996-01-01 00:00:00

pages

509-31

eissn

0066-4219

issn

1545-326X

journal_volume

47

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.

    abstract::Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The majority of PTLD is of B-cell origin and associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). During the past decade progress has been made in better understanding the pathogene...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.56.082103.104727

    authors: Gottschalk S,Rooney CM,Heslop HE

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation Devices: Cost and Effectiveness.

    abstract::Implantable cardiac pacing and defibrillation devices are effective and commonly used therapies for patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. Because device implantation is not easily reversible, as well as the high healthcare costs inherent in device use, a clear understanding of the clinical benefits relative to costs...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-043015-123540

    authors: Groeneveld PW,Dixit S

    更新日期:2017-01-14 00:00:00

  • Emotion recollected in tranquility: lessons learned from the COX-2 saga.

    abstract::Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-011209-153129

    authors: Grosser T,Yu Y,Fitzgerald GA

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • CCR5 antagonism in HIV infection: current concepts and future opportunities.

    abstract::CCR5 antagonists inhibit HIV-1 entry by blocking the interaction of HIV-1 with the CCR5 cellular receptor. In patients with established HIV-1 infection, some viral strains use an alternative coreceptor for HIV-1 entry, CXCR4; CCR5 antagonists are not effective in patients harboring these viral strains. Coreceptor trop...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-052010-145454

    authors: Wilkin TJ,Gulick RM

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical Application and Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

    abstract::Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a well-established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT has become a more readily available and useful new treatment option as a result of stool banks. The current state of knowledge indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in sev...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-111717-122956

    authors: Ooijevaar RE,Terveer EM,Verspaget HW,Kuijper EJ,Keller JJ

    更新日期:2019-01-27 00:00:00

  • Fatal asthma.

    abstract::This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.161

    authors: FitzGerald JM,Macklem P

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Islet transplantation in treating diabetes.

    abstract::Remarkable progress made in the past few years has brought pancreatic islet transplantation to the threshold of human clinical trials. Islet transplants have reversed diabetes in experimental animals and prevented or reversed early diabetic complications in the recipients. Methods have been developed that prevent reje...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.37.020186.000341

    authors: Lacy PE,Scharp DW

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • IgG subclass deficiencies.

    abstract::IgG subclasses represent distinct immunoglobulin types, each defined by unique primary structures of the constant region of the heavy-chain molecule, and each with characteristic biological and functional properties. New methods and reagents to measure serum concentrations have contributed to the study of the ontogeny...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.001545

    authors: Ochs HD,Wedgwood RJ

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • Delivering value: provider efforts to improve the quality and reduce the cost of health care.

    abstract::Growing concern regarding costs of care and health outcomes in the United States has led to widespread calls to address the issue of health care spending. Today, providers across the country are working both to improve the quality and to reduce the cost of health care. These activities span multiple care delivery sett...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-100312-135931

    authors: Gordon JE,Leiman JM,Deland EL,Pardes H

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B12) absorption and transport.

    abstract::Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.000521

    authors: Kapadia CR,Donaldson RM Jr

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • The changing face of tuberculosis.

    abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide, resulting in a estimated 8 to 10 million new cases and 2 to 3 million deaths each year. Between 1953 and 1985, the number of TB cases in the US declined by an average of 6% per year. However, since 1985, TB has been increasing in the US. Approxima...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.47

    authors: Huebner RE,Castro KG

    更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00

  • Extending the limits of limb salvage.

    abstract::Over the past several years a combination of diverse steps has culminated in a significant improvement in our ability to save ischemic extremities. Encompassing all phases of vascular surgery, these advances in diagnosis, therapy, and long-term management are outlined. These and future improvements hold promise for ex...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002013

    authors: Abbott WM,Meier GH

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • The course and treatment of lupus nephritis.

    abstract::Renal involvement by systemic lupus is variable; some patients have minimal clinical and histologic involvement, whereas others have fulminant renal failure and severe proliferative renal lesions on biopsy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has greatly aided in the study of lupus nephritis. This class...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.525

    authors: Appel GB,Valeri A

    更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00

  • The challenge of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection.

    abstract::A viral reservoir is a cell type or anatomical site in association with which a replication-competent form of the virus accumulates and persists with more stable kinetic properties than the main pool of actively replicating virus. This article reviews several cell types and anatomical sites proposed as potential reser...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104024

    authors: Blankson JN,Persaud D,Siliciano RF

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of anesthesia on intermediary metabolism.

    abstract::Major inhalational anesthetics cause inhibition in the electron transport chain in the region of Complex I resulting in decreased oxygen utilization, inhibition of metabolism of NAD-linked substrates, but not of succinate, inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uptake, and depression of synaptic transmission because of p...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.002135

    authors: Brunner EA,Cheng SC,Berman ML

    更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pulmonary complications of general surgery.

    abstract::1. Patients should be divided preoperatively into low- or high-risk categories, depending on their probability of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. The evaluation should include spirometry as well as an assessment of the previously defined risk factors. 2. Patients in a low-risk category need only inst...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.28.020177.001235

    authors: Pierce AK,Robertson J

    更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neurocysticercosis: updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

    abstract::Neurocysticercosis is now recognized as a common cause of neurologic disease in developing countries and the United States. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations vary with the site of infection and accompanying host response. Inactive infection should be treated symptomatically. Active parenchymal infection res...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.187

    authors: White AC Jr

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Recent advances in surgery for emphysema.

    abstract::Volume reduction surgery is based on the removal of volume-occupying but nonfunctioning emphysematous lung, which is thought to improve pulmonary elastic recoil. The reduction in thoracic volume may also improve thoracic cage and inspiratory muscle function. In addition, dyspnea is lessened, exercise tolerance is incr...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.387

    authors: Lefrak SS,Yusen RD,Trulock EP,Pohl MS,Patterson A,Cooper JD

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer epigenetics: modifications, screening, and therapy.

    abstract::Deregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not ch...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.59.061606.095816

    authors: Gal-Yam EN,Saito Y,Egger G,Jones PA

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clonality in acquired hematologic disorders.

    abstract::Clonal populations of cells can be identified by a number of different independent approaches, including analyses of karyotype, gene rearrangements, deletions or point mutations, X-linked polymorphisms, and integration of virus into the genome. Assessment of clonality has yielded valuable and surprising clues to the p...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.002423

    authors: Gilliland DG,Blanchard KL,Bunn HF

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • The autinglobulin test in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

    abstract::The foregoing summarizes what can be learned from a carefully performed antiglobulin test using specific antisera. Clinical syndromes can be more easily considered, and mechanisms of destruction can be more certainly discerned. ...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001555

    authors: Rosse WF

    更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00

  • Airway surface dehydration in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapy.

    abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease reflects the failure of airways defense against chronic bacterial infection. Studies of CF cultures, transgenic mice, and CF patients suggest that the initiating event in CF airways disease pathogenesis is reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, i.e., dehydration. CF ASL volume re...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.58.071905.105316

    authors: Boucher RC

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Thrombopoietin: understanding and manipulating platelet production.

    abstract::Until recently, platelet production was the least understood aspect of blood cell development. This gap in our understanding resulted from the scarcity of megakaryocytes, the marrow precursor of blood platelets, and from confusion surrounding the cytokines and hormones that support their development. The recent clonin...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.1

    authors: Kaushansky K

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biological Aspects of Cancer Health Disparities.

    abstract::Racial and ethnic disparities span the continuum of cancer care and are driven by a complex interplay among social, psychosocial, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health. Research is needed to identify these determinants of cancer health disparities and to develop interventions t...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-070119-120305

    authors: Freedman JA,Al Abo M,Allen TA,Piwarski SA,Wegermann K,Patierno SR

    更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00

  • Thyroid cancer.

    abstract::Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence, but the mortality rate remains flat. Debate has arisen over the need to detect or treat most thyroid cancers early, given their favorable natural history. The appropriate extent of surgery for thyroid cancer is also controversial: some researchers advocate partial and...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061512-105739

    authors: Carling T,Udelsman R

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Parenteral and enteral nutrition.

    abstract::Stress and starvation, especially when complicated by sepsis, will give rise to a rapid erosion of the cellular mass, which significantly affects morbidity and mortality. The best clinical evaluation of the nutritional state is obtained from the medical history and the physical examination. In the patient who cannot e...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.003001

    authors: Shizgal HM

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular action of calcium channel blocking drugs.

    abstract::The calcium antagonists are an exciting "class" of drugs that are already making an important impact in the treatment of coronary artery disease. All three drugs in use in the US, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, are effective coronary vasodilators. In addition, verapamil and diltiazem have antiarrhythmic activit...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.35.020184.001545

    authors: Schwartz A,Triggle DJ

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

    abstract::Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common and systemic disease characterized by formation of focal cysts. Of the three potential causes of cysts, downstream obstruction, compositional changes in extracellular matrix, and proliferation of partially dedifferentiated cells, evidence strongly suppor...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.93

    authors: Arnaout MA

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Selective distal splenorenal shunt for bleeding esophageal varices.

    abstract::The selective distal splenorenal shunt has been shown to be equally as effective as total portal-systemic shunting procedures in the control of variceal hemorrhage and it can now be performed with an equivalent operative mortality. It is superior to other shunts in metabolic aspects and results in a markedly decreased...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001305

    authors: Smith RB 3rd,Warren WD

    更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00

  • The erbB family: targets for therapeutic development against cancer and therapeutic strategies using monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

    abstract::The overexpression and aberrant function of members of the erbB family of receptors, particularly erbB1 (also known as epidermal growth factor receptor), and its ligands in many human cancers have provided a rationale for targeting this signaling network with novel approaches. erbB1 is a selective target for inhibitin...

    journal_title:Annual review of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.104433

    authors: Rowinsky EK

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00