Abstract:
:Risk assessments are integral for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, individuals may develop CMD without traditional risk factors, necessitating the development of novel biomarkers to aid risk prediction. The emergence of omic technologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has allowed for assessment of orthogonal measures of cardiometabolic risk, potentially improving the ability for novel biomarkers to refine disease risk assessments. While omics has shed light on novel mechanisms for the development of CMD, its adoption in clinical practice faces significant challenges. We review select omic technologies and cardiometabolic investigations for risk prediction, while highlighting challenges and opportunities for translating findings to clinical practice.
journal_name
Annu Rev Medjournal_title
Annual review of medicineauthors
Tahir UA,Gerszten REdoi
10.1146/annurev-med-042418-010924subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-27 00:00:00pages
163-175eissn
0066-4219issn
1545-326Xjournal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Syncope is a common clinical problem comprising the sudden loss of both consciousness and postural tone, with a subsequent spontaneous and relatively prompt recovery. Often it is difficult to differentiate a true syncopal spell from other conditions, such as seizure disorders, or from some simple accidents. Even more ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001435
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hybridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immuno...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.34.020183.000543
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The majority of PTLD is of B-cell origin and associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). During the past decade progress has been made in better understanding the pathogene...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.56.082103.104727
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoetic stem cell disorder characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and resultant production of the constitutively activated Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Characterized clinically by marked myeloid proliferation, it invariably terminates in an acute leukemia. Conventi...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103853
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kawasaki Syndrome is a newly recognized clinical entity characterized by multisystem involvement. It has an acute onset and a triphasic clinical course. Although essentially a self-limited disease, permanent vascular damage, especially involving the coronary arteries, may result. Pathologically the disease is characte...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.003033
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eosinophil is characterized by specific cytoplasmic granules that contain a series of cationic toxins able to kill many targets, including helminths, protozoa, bacteria, and other cells. In bronchial asthma, considerable evidence exists that the eosinophil releases granule proteins, especially the major basic prot...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.000505
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A viral reservoir is a cell type or anatomical site in association with which a replication-competent form of the virus accumulates and persists with more stable kinetic properties than the main pool of actively replicating virus. This article reviews several cell types and anatomical sites proposed as potential reser...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104024
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organ preservation is the supply line for organ transplantation. Currently, the liver, pancreas, and kidney can be successfully preserved for up to two days by flushing the organs with the University of Wisconsin (UW) organ preservation solution and storing them at hypothermia (0-5 degree C). The UW solution is effect...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.235
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the role of the immune system in modulating glomerular injury continues to evolve. The participation of antibody, complement, and neutrophils alone cannot completely explain many aspects of the pathways of experimental and human glomerulonephritis. The elements of the immune system that mediate ce...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.000325
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Th...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061813-012806
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.17
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective distal splenorenal shunt has been shown to be equally as effective as total portal-systemic shunting procedures in the control of variceal hemorrhage and it can now be performed with an equivalent operative mortality. It is superior to other shunts in metabolic aspects and results in a markedly decreased...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001305
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airway hyperresponsiveness to a large number of stimuli is a characteristic of asthma in humans. Various components of the tracheobronchial tree might contribute to this characteristic, such as smooth muscle, the bronchial epithelium, various neurohumoral mechanisms, and the mechanical linkages between the lung parenc...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.001035
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An effective host response to infection or tissue damage requires focal accumulation of leukocytes. Leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, a key step in this process, depends on the ordered expression of specific endothelial cell surface molecules. The endothelial molecules that support adhesion include selectins that...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.361
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a recently recognized autosomal-recessive trait characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation and wound healing, and abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells. Features of this diseas...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.001135
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precision medicine was conceptualized on the strength of genomic sequence analysis. High-throughput functional metrics have enhanced sequence interpretation and clinical precision. These technologies include metabolomics, magnetic resonance imaging, and I rhythm (cardiac monitoring), among others. These technologies a...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-041316-090905
更新日期:2018-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past several years a combination of diverse steps has culminated in a significant improvement in our ability to save ischemic extremities. Encompassing all phases of vascular surgery, these advances in diagnosis, therapy, and long-term management are outlined. These and future improvements hold promise for ex...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002013
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancers present as a spectrum of neoplasms. The natural histories of the neoplasms are tied to the biological properties of the neoplastic cells that compose them. We review the histological, cytological, kinetic, and other parameters that best characterize the clinical biology of breast cancer. ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.39.020188.002321
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved immunosuppressive regimens, advances in surgical proficiency and techniques, and improved supportive medical care have translated into dramatic increases in graft survival in organ transplantation and in patient outcome in bone marrow transplantation. Though effective immunosuppression has also led to an incr...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.002233
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been replicated evidence demonstrating the rapid and potent antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Moreover, prec...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-053013-062946
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Racial and ethnic disparities span the continuum of cancer care and are driven by a complex interplay among social, psychosocial, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health. Research is needed to identify these determinants of cancer health disparities and to develop interventions t...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-070119-120305
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::The application of sensitive metabolic tests, such as the deoxyuridine suppression test and measurement of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, to cobalamin status has identified the entity of mild, preclinical cobalamin deficiency. This state, common in the elderly, responds to cobalamin therapy. Preclinical deficien...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.357
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two features of human parietal pleura explain its role in the formation and removal of pleural liquid and protein in the normal state: the proximity of the microvessels to the pleural surface and the presence of stomata situated between mesothelial cells. For pleural fluid to accumulate in disease, there must be incre...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.41.020190.000255
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concern regarding costs of care and health outcomes in the United States has led to widespread calls to address the issue of health care spending. Today, providers across the country are working both to improve the quality and to reduce the cost of health care. These activities span multiple care delivery sett...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-100312-135931
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.000521
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the demonstration of the nature of the enzymatic defects in the sphingolipid storage disorders in the mid-1960s, consideration was directed to the development of therapy for patients with these conditions. High on the list of possibilities was enzyme supplementation or replacement. Many years of arduous inve...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.110104.115650
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), once a rare affliction believed to be mainly caused by genetic mutations, has become a global pandemic that severely diminishes the quality of life for millions. Despite the changing face of CKD, treatment options and resources remain woefully antiquated and have failed to arr...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050311-163340
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic era is changing the understanding of cancer, although translation of the vast amount of data available into decision-making algorithms is far from reality. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cause of death among cirrhotic patients and a fast-growing malignancy in Western...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.080608.100623
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062218-023720
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Renal involvement by systemic lupus is variable; some patients have minimal clinical and histologic involvement, whereas others have fulminant renal failure and severe proliferative renal lesions on biopsy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has greatly aided in the study of lupus nephritis. This class...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.45.1.525
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00