Imaging of atherosclerosis.

abstract：:Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Th...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Schulert GS,Grom AA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal involvement by systemic lupus is variable; some patients have minimal clinical and histologic involvement, whereas others have fulminant renal failure and severe proliferative renal lesions on biopsy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has greatly aided in the study of lupus nephritis. This class...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Appel GB,Valeri A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not ch...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gal-Yam EN,Saito Y,Egger G,Jones PA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis are newly recognized causes of chronic watery diarrhea that typically affect middle-aged patients. Although endoscopic studies are normal, inflammatory changes and (in the case of collagenous colitis) collagen deposition occur histologically in the colonic mucosa. The pathogenesis o...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Zeroogian JM,Chopra S

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology have recently been applied to the study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human tissues and have enhanced our knowledge of viral persistence and chronic liver disease. These molecular studies strengthen previous epidemiologic evidence for an association between HBV chron...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Shafritz DA,Lieberman HM

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a complication of many illnesses such as sepsis, pneumonia and trauma afflicting over 150,000 patients per year. While progress in intensive care medicine has increased the survival rates in many of these underlying illnesses, major obstacles remain in the successful therapy ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bernard GR,Brigham KL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a potentially lethal disease that presents with rapidly progressive multiple organ thromboses. Anticoagulation, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are the most commonly used treatments for CAPS patients. However, the high mortality despite ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Unlu O,Erkan D

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past 10 years, the number of genetic tests performed more than tripled, and public concern about genetic privacy emerged. The majority of states and the U.S. government have passed regulations protecting genetic information. However, research has shown that concerns about genetic privacy are disproportionat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sankar P

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Societal expectations about drug safety and efficacy are rising while productivity in the pharmaceutical industry is falling. In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration introduced the Critical Path Initiative with the intent of modernizing drug development by incorporating recent scientific advances, such as genomic...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Woodcock J,Woosley R

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life expectancy has increased dramatically in the United States and in much of the world in recent years and decades. The factors underlying this increase are incompletely understood and are undoubtedly complex. A question that drives current research is whether life expectancy can be further extended using current kn...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sierra F,Hadley E,Suzman R,Hodes R

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoetic stem cell disorder characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and resultant production of the constitutively activated Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Characterized clinically by marked myeloid proliferation, it invariably terminates in an acute leukemia. Conventi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： O'Dwyer ME,Mauro MJ,Druker BJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary thrombosis on an ulcerated atheroma. We now believe that the predominant cause of this intimal disruption is the rupture of the atheroma through the intimal surface, caused by enzymes released by activated macrophages. The subsequent clinical course following atheroma ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Forrester JS,Litvack F,Grundfest W

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary or hereditary form of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), although rare, has received increased attention recently because of dramatic advances in the understanding of its genetic basis. The final regulation of renal acid excretion is effected by various acid/base transporters localized in specialized ce...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Batlle D,Ghanekar H,Jain S,Mitra A

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic diseases of the kidney are common, often progressive disorders. The best of several alternative hypotheses to explain their development cites tubular dilation and compression of adjacent tissue. The initiating event may involve focal proliferation of epithelial cells and a consequent increase in the resistance ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gardner KD Jr

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the psychiatric hospital changed dramatically during the twentieth century. Formerly the primary location for psychiatric treatment, the hospital now plays a more circumscribed role within a community-based system of care. Crisis stabilization, safety, and a focus on rapid discharge are the critical com...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sharfstein SS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium antagonists are an exciting "class" of drugs that are already making an important impact in the treatment of coronary artery disease. All three drugs in use in the US, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, are effective coronary vasodilators. In addition, verapamil and diltiazem have antiarrhythmic activit...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Schwartz A,Triggle DJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter reviews the biology of gastroesophageal reflux disease, relating pathophysiology to medical and surgical therapy. Various definitions of the disease are presented and workable criteria are developed to identify patients with the disease. The central importance of the lower esophageal high-pressure zone as...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： DeMeester TR,Peters JH,Bremner CG,Chandrasoma P

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The selective distal splenorenal shunt has been shown to be equally as effective as total portal-systemic shunting procedures in the control of variceal hemorrhage and it can now be performed with an equivalent operative mortality. It is superior to other shunts in metabolic aspects and results in a markedly decreased...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Smith RB 3rd,Warren WD

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclosporine-A is primary therapy for organ transplantation. Its immunosuppressive effect might suggest a therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases, including several idiopathic and secondary glomerular conditions. Various forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minim...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Klein M,Radhakrishnan J,Appel G

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past several years a combination of diverse steps has culminated in a significant improvement in our ability to save ischemic extremities. Encompassing all phases of vascular surgery, these advances in diagnosis, therapy, and long-term management are outlined. These and future improvements hold promise for ex...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Abbott WM,Meier GH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing concern regarding costs of care and health outcomes in the United States has led to widespread calls to address the issue of health care spending. Today, providers across the country are working both to improve the quality and to reduce the cost of health care. These activities span multiple care delivery sett...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gordon JE,Leiman JM,Deland EL,Pardes H

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although safe and effective agents are currently available to treat osteoporosis, fragility fractures remain a significant problem worldwide. Recent improvements in the understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular pathways of bone biology have led to the development of newer agents to treat osteoporosis, ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silva BC,Bilezikian JP

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant drug in the world. This chapter reviews the human pharmacology of caffeine; the evidence for its role in causing human disease, including addiction; and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic agent. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Benowitz NL

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hybridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immuno...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Levy R,Miller RA

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells have been tested as therapeutics for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. We review important observations from randomized clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of anti-B cell antibody-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antine...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Faurschou M,Jayne DR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 antibodies of varying formulations have been evaluated in the clinic ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Vonderheide RH

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a lesser extent, these effects will occur at usual therapeutic concentration. Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our understanding...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Glassman AH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancers present as a spectrum of neoplasms. The natural histories of the neoplasms are tied to the biological properties of the neoplastic cells that compose them. We review the histological, cytological, kinetic, and other parameters that best characterize the clinical biology of breast cancer. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Carlson RW,Stockdale FE

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 antagonists inhibit HIV-1 entry by blocking the interaction of HIV-1 with the CCR5 cellular receptor. In patients with established HIV-1 infection, some viral strains use an alternative coreceptor for HIV-1 entry, CXCR4; CCR5 antagonists are not effective in patients harboring these viral strains. Coreceptor trop...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Wilkin TJ,Gulick RM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00