Abstract:
:In vitro coculture studies of normal T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, or monocytes with human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) suggest a potential role for immune cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In some patients with severe aplastic anemia or selective pure red cell, white cell, or megakaryocyte aplasia, activated T cells, NK cells, or monocytes mediate marrow failure by suppressing growth of HPC. Immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids, antithymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporin A may dramatically improve blood cell production in patients with marrow failure by removing or modulating immune suppressor cells.
journal_name
Annu Rev Medjournal_title
Annual review of medicineauthors
Mangan KFdoi
10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.000425subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
61-70eissn
0066-4219issn
1545-326Xjournal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease reflects the failure of airways defense against chronic bacterial infection. Studies of CF cultures, transgenic mice, and CF patients suggest that the initiating event in CF airways disease pathogenesis is reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, i.e., dehydration. CF ASL volume re...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.58.071905.105316
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a recently recognized autosomal-recessive trait characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation and wound healing, and abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells. Features of this diseas...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.001135
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial flutter is a macroreentrant tachyarrhythmia most often contained within the right atrium. Typical atrial flutter is defined on an electrocardiogram by the classic "sawtooth" pattern of flutter waves with negative polarity in leads II, III, and aVF. In contrast to atrial fibrillation, which is sustained by multi...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.77
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clonal populations of cells can be identified by a number of different independent approaches, including analyses of karyotype, gene rearrangements, deletions or point mutations, X-linked polymorphisms, and integration of virus into the genome. Assessment of clonality has yielded valuable and surprising clues to the p...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.002423
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hybridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immuno...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.34.020183.000543
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective and reproducible intervention for increasing lifespan in a variety of animal species, including mammals. CR is also the most potent, broadly acting cancer-prevention regimen in experimental carcinogenesis models. Translation of the knowledge gained from CR research to hum...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.54.101601.152156
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 antibodies of varying formulations have been evaluated in the clinic ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062518-045435
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide, resulting in a estimated 8 to 10 million new cases and 2 to 3 million deaths each year. Between 1953 and 1985, the number of TB cases in the US declined by an average of 6% per year. However, since 1985, TB has been increasing in the US. Approxima...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.47
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::IgG subclasses represent distinct immunoglobulin types, each defined by unique primary structures of the constant region of the heavy-chain molecule, and each with characteristic biological and functional properties. New methods and reagents to measure serum concentrations have contributed to the study of the ontogeny...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.001545
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic era is changing the understanding of cancer, although translation of the vast amount of data available into decision-making algorithms is far from reality. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cause of death among cirrhotic patients and a fast-growing malignancy in Western...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.080608.100623
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::New insights into atherosclerosis, the most common disease affecting coronary arteries, may change therapeutic strategies from largely symptomatic to causal. Atherosclerotic plaques contain a lipid-related, immune-mediated inflammation, with release of secretory products capable of changing plaque morphology. Plaques ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.289
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute pancreatitis is not the cause but may be a complication of chronic pancreatitis. Different forms of chronic pancreatitis are described. The most frequent type in all climates, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, has different causes but similar pathological changes. It is a lithiasis in which a new family of molecu...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.002321
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endothelium is a physical barrier between the blood and vascular smooth muscle, a source of enzymes activating and deactivating cardiovascular hormones and a site of production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition, the endothelium is a source of growth inhibitors and promoters of vascular smooth muscle...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.002143
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.17
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although safe and effective agents are currently available to treat osteoporosis, fragility fractures remain a significant problem worldwide. Recent improvements in the understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular pathways of bone biology have led to the development of newer agents to treat osteoporosis, ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061709-145401
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A viral reservoir is a cell type or anatomical site in association with which a replication-competent form of the virus accumulates and persists with more stable kinetic properties than the main pool of actively replicating virus. This article reviews several cell types and anatomical sites proposed as potential reser...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104024
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E has a worldwide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently been cloned and sequenced and new diagnostic tests have been developed; these tests have been used to begin to characterize the n...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.257
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart transplantation has evolved over the past 30 years into a mainstay of therapy for heart failure patients. As the surgical technique and basic immunology were defined, heart transplantation became a real therapeutic option. Over the next few decades, thoracic transplant teams at Stanford University and other inst...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104050
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive electrophysiologic studies are used to guide drug and non-pharmacologic therapy, including surgery, in patients with ventricular tachycardia. We discuss the indications, methods, and results of electrophysiologic studies in these patients. Both catheter and intraoperative studies are described. This approach ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.37.020186.000245
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The standard of care for the evaluation of axillary nodal involvement remains complete lymph node dissection. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy are changing this long-held paradigm; indeed, several leading institutions already reserve complete axillary dissection for patients with metastasis to th...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.525
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syncope is a common clinical problem comprising the sudden loss of both consciousness and postural tone, with a subsequent spontaneous and relatively prompt recovery. Often it is difficult to differentiate a true syncopal spell from other conditions, such as seizure disorders, or from some simple accidents. Even more ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001435
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas can be diagnosed and staged effectively by computed tomography (CT) scan and by visceral angiography. If the tumor appears to be resectable, no further studies such as percutaneous biopsy are required. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the only potentially curable treatment. This operati...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.361
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain imaging is increasingly applied in psychiatry, both for clinical evaluation and as a research tool. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have documented that structural brain abnormalities occur in some types of psychiatric patients, particularly those who suffer from schizophrenia. ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.39.020188.002003
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.161
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid tumors derived from epithelial tissues (carcinomas) are responsible for 90% of all new cancers in Europe, and the main four tumor entities are breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancer. Present tumor staging is mainly based on local tumor extension, metastatic lymph node involvement, and evidence of overt distant...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062310-094219
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-011209-153129
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding and treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has progressed since 1960 in parallel with work on cancer in general. CML provided the first evidence of a specific genetic change associated with a human cancer (the Philadelphia chromosome) and the clonal nature of these disorders. With improved c...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103519
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells is a multistep process involving the interaction of viral envelope proteins with cell surface receptors. Binding to CD4 is followed by engagement of specific chemokine receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4), triggering molecular rearrangements in the envelope tran...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.58.080105.102908
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is clear from the preceding material that bacterial infection is a significant threat to the newborn infant. The most common gram-negative organism causing meningitis in the neonate is E. coli, and the invasive capacity of this organism is correlated with its polysaccharide antigen, K1. Careful studies of supportiv...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.001021
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past decade has witnessed profound increases in knowledge of the structure, function, and developmental regulation of the human globin genes. This information has deepened our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inherited disorders affecting hemoglobin, and it has provided a new persp...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.002433
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00