The challenge of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection.

abstract：:Improved immunosuppressive regimens, advances in surgical proficiency and techniques, and improved supportive medical care have translated into dramatic increases in graft survival in organ transplantation and in patient outcome in bone marrow transplantation. Though effective immunosuppression has also led to an incr...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Robbins RA,Floreani AA,Buchalter SE,Spurzem JR,Sisson JH,Rennard SI

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All potent CNS depressant drugs can depress cardiac function in man in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-effect curve is considerably flatter with several drugs (diethyl ether, cyclopropane, fluroxene, isoflurane, and ketamine), presumably from sympathetic nervous-system activation. Potent analgesics and tranquilizers...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Merin RG

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the practice of internal medicine, the value of genetic testing in common (mono)genetic diseases such as familial hemochromatosis, hypercholesterolemia, Mediterranean fever, and thrombophilia is limited. The genotype insufficiently predicts the phenotype because of the powerful effects of other modifying genes, env...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lamberts SW,Uitterlinden AG

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New discoveries are expanding our knowledge of mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Some recent advances in our understanding of motoneuron death in familial ALS (fALS) and sporadic ALS (sALS) are reviewed, with emphasis on molecular similarities that may further unite these phenoty...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Smith RG,Appel SH

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral drugs are important in the management of seasonal influenza and critical to pandemic planning. Although several other classes of anti-influenza compounds exist, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are currently the only option in most clinical settings. These drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, prevent the relea...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Moscona A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Patients should be divided preoperatively into low- or high-risk categories, depending on their probability of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. The evaluation should include spirometry as well as an assessment of the previously defined risk factors. 2. Patients in a low-risk category need only inst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Pierce AK,Robertson J

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotr...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Meltzer HY

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncolo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tao JJ,Schram AM,Hyman DM

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) continues to increase over time, but there has been little change in the availability of organs for cardiac transplantation, intensifying the demand for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplantation. There is also a growing number of pat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Miller RJH,Teuteberg JJ,Hunt SA

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:More than three decades of clinical experience in cardiac transplantation resulted in the spread of the procedure worldwide with a wealth of knowledge and advancements. Developments included liberalization of recipient and donor selection criteria, improved surgical techniques, novel immunosuppressive drugs and protoc...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Al-khaldi A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a lesser extent, these effects will occur at usual therapeutic concentration. Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our understanding...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Glassman AH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Societal expectations about drug safety and efficacy are rising while productivity in the pharmaceutical industry is falling. In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration introduced the Critical Path Initiative with the intent of modernizing drug development by incorporating recent scientific advances, such as genomic...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Woodcock J,Woosley R

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal involvement by systemic lupus is variable; some patients have minimal clinical and histologic involvement, whereas others have fulminant renal failure and severe proliferative renal lesions on biopsy. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has greatly aided in the study of lupus nephritis. This class...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Appel GB,Valeri A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic studies of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed that β-amyloid is central to disease pathogenesis. However, amyloid-targeted therapies have generally failed to slow progression in patients with symptomatic disease. This result suggests a transition from an early amyloid-dependent phase to a lat...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ray WJ,Buggia-Prevot V

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Racial and ethnic disparities span the continuum of cancer care and are driven by a complex interplay among social, psychosocial, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health. Research is needed to identify these determinants of cancer health disparities and to develop interventions t...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Freedman JA,Al Abo M,Allen TA,Piwarski SA,Wegermann K,Patierno SR

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common and systemic disease characterized by formation of focal cysts. Of the three potential causes of cysts, downstream obstruction, compositional changes in extracellular matrix, and proliferation of partially dedifferentiated cells, evidence strongly suppor...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Arnaout MA

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive electrophysiologic studies are used to guide drug and non-pharmacologic therapy, including surgery, in patients with ventricular tachycardia. We discuss the indications, methods, and results of electrophysiologic studies in these patients. Both catheter and intraoperative studies are described. This approach ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Freedman RA,Anderson KP,Mason JW

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicates opportunistic infection or unusual malignancy associated with a marked deficiency of cell mediated immunity in the absence of any other cause of the immune defect. This review examines epidemiology, virology, and immunology associated with this disorder. The syndrome appear...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Weiss A,Hollander H,Stobo J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a syndrome seen in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. It is characterized by chronic colonization of the airways with a ubiquitous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. The clinical expression of ABPA results from the complex interaction of chronic colonization of the ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Cockrill BA,Hales CA

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ preservation is the supply line for organ transplantation. Currently, the liver, pancreas, and kidney can be successfully preserved for up to two days by flushing the organs with the University of Wisconsin (UW) organ preservation solution and storing them at hypothermia (0-5 degree C). The UW solution is effect...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Southard JH,Belzer FO

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diastolic dysfunction is an important cause of the clinical syndrome of congestive heart failure. Traditionally, the syndrome of pulmonary congestion due to the elevation of left heart filling pressure has been attributed to the depressed ability of the heart to eject blood during systole, with a secondary increase in...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lorell BH

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kawasaki Syndrome is a newly recognized clinical entity characterized by multisystem involvement. It has an acute onset and a triphasic clinical course. Although essentially a self-limited disease, permanent vascular damage, especially involving the coronary arteries, may result. Pathologically the disease is characte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Melish ME

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paget's disease affects approximately 3% of the population over age forty. It may be genetically transmitted (autosomal-dominant), but recent evidence suggests a viral etiology. Effective agents for control of the disorder have been developed over the past decade, but all have significant drawbacks. Calcitonin tends t...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ryan WG

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two features of human parietal pleura explain its role in the formation and removal of pleural liquid and protein in the normal state: the proximity of the microvessels to the pleural surface and the presence of stomata situated between mesothelial cells. For pleural fluid to accumulate in disease, there must be incre...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sahn SA

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lindheimer MD,Katz AI

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology have recently been applied to the study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human tissues and have enhanced our knowledge of viral persistence and chronic liver disease. These molecular studies strengthen previous epidemiologic evidence for an association between HBV chron...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Shafritz DA,Lieberman HM

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was a mystery for over half a century until the discovery of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 is primarily synthesized in the liver, and its main function is to cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF) anchored on the endothelial surface, in circulation, and at the sites of vascul...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Zheng XL

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2012, a zoonotic coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome and was named MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). As of August 11, 2016, the virus has infected 1,791 patients, with a mortality rate of 35.6%. Although MERS-CoV generally causes subclinical or mild disease, infection ca...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Fehr AR,Channappanavar R,Perlman S

更新日期：2017-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Attaye I,Pinto-Sietsma SJ,Herrema H,Nieuwdorp M

更新日期：2020-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure is a serious consequence of renal ischemia. The diagnosis carries an associated high mortality rate. When blood flow to the kidneys is inadequate to supply metabolic demands, a number of pathophysiological changes occur that ultimately result in cell death and tissue dysfunction, characterized by a...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bonventre JV

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00