Pathogenesis of human cystic renal disease.

abstract：:Until recently, platelet production was the least understood aspect of blood cell development. This gap in our understanding resulted from the scarcity of megakaryocytes, the marrow precursor of blood platelets, and from confusion surrounding the cytokines and hormones that support their development. The recent clonin...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kaushansky K

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells is a multistep process involving the interaction of viral envelope proteins with cell surface receptors. Binding to CD4 is followed by engagement of specific chemokine receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4), triggering molecular rearrangements in the envelope tran...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tsibris AM,Kuritzkes DR

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not ch...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gal-Yam EN,Saito Y,Egger G,Jones PA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genomic era is changing the understanding of cancer, although translation of the vast amount of data available into decision-making algorithms is far from reality. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cause of death among cirrhotic patients and a fast-growing malignancy in Western...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Villanueva A,Minguez B,Forner A,Reig M,Llovet JM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), once a rare affliction believed to be mainly caused by genetic mutations, has become a global pandemic that severely diminishes the quality of life for millions. Despite the changing face of CKD, treatment options and resources remain woefully antiquated and have failed to arr...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Reiser J,Sever S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Th...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Schulert GS,Grom AA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hybridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immuno...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Levy R,Miller RA

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiologic thrombolysis is efficient, while pathologic aberrations in the fibrinolytic system may result in either thrombotic or hemorrhagic disease. This review considers the molecular interactions involved in fibrinolysis, discusses the normal control mechanisms that provide for localized activation without systemi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Francis CW,Marder VJ

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, superimposed preeclampsia) are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and constitute a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prediction of those women destined to develop preeclampsia remains elus...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Witlin AG,Sibai BM

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although safe and effective agents are currently available to treat osteoporosis, fragility fractures remain a significant problem worldwide. Recent improvements in the understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular pathways of bone biology have led to the development of newer agents to treat osteoporosis, ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silva BC,Bilezikian JP

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Signs helpful in its diagnosis include presentation during late gestation in a nullipara with edema and proteinuria, and one or more of the following: he...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lindheimer MD,Katz AI

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes, with azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm, that have spontaneous cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells, virus-infected cells, and some normal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. When lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Herberman RB

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncolo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tao JJ,Schram AM,Hyman DM

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclosporine-A is primary therapy for organ transplantation. Its immunosuppressive effect might suggest a therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases, including several idiopathic and secondary glomerular conditions. Various forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minim...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Klein M,Radhakrishnan J,Appel G

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs with important functions in development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. MiRNA expression is deregulated in cancer by a variety of mechanisms including amplification, deletion, mutation, and epigenetic silencing. Several studies have now sh...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Garzon R,Calin GA,Croce CM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： FitzGerald JM,Macklem P

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the "finished," euchromatic, haploid human reference genome sequence, the rapid development of novel, faster, and cheaper sequencing technologies is making possible the era of personalized human genomics. Personal diploid human genome sequences have been generated, and each has contributed to our better unde...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gonzaga-Jauregui C,Lupski JR,Gibbs RA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The foregoing summarizes what can be learned from a carefully performed antiglobulin test using specific antisera. Clinical syndromes can be more easily considered, and mechanisms of destruction can be more certainly discerned. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Rosse WF

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past decade has witnessed profound increases in knowledge of the structure, function, and developmental regulation of the human globin genes. This information has deepened our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inherited disorders affecting hemoglobin, and it has provided a new persp...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Stamatoyannopoulos JA,Nienhuis AW

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain imaging is increasingly applied in psychiatry, both for clinical evaluation and as a research tool. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have documented that structural brain abnormalities occur in some types of psychiatric patients, particularly those who suffer from schizophrenia. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Andreasen NC

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuropeptide substance P modulates the activities of a number of different leukocytes that characterize both acute and delayed inflammatory responses. Substance P may play a role in the pathogenesis of such diverse diseases as arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Payan DG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Grosser T,Yu Y,Fitzgerald GA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral drugs are important in the management of seasonal influenza and critical to pandemic planning. Although several other classes of anti-influenza compounds exist, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are currently the only option in most clinical settings. These drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, prevent the relea...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Moscona A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Patients should be divided preoperatively into low- or high-risk categories, depending on their probability of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. The evaluation should include spirometry as well as an assessment of the previously defined risk factors. 2. Patients in a low-risk category need only inst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Pierce AK,Robertson J

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in our understanding of and ability to treat panic disorders and various types of phobia have been reviewed. A case of agoraphobia was presented in detail to illustrate clinical issues and serve as a basis for discussing differential diagnosis. The presence or absence of spontaneous panic attacks has c...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Liebowitz MR,Klein DF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacogenetics deals with inherited differences in the response to drugs. The best-recognized examples are genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affect about 30% of all drugs. Loss of function of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) results in severe and life-threatening hematopoietic toxicity i...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Eichelbaum M,Ingelman-Sundberg M,Evans WE

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetically determined diseases characterized by abnormal fragility of the skin and mucosa. In this chapter, we review current thinking about classification, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, and we discuss management guidelines. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Lin AN,Carter DM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of an HIV vaccine is proving to be an unprecedented challenge. The difficulty in creating this vaccine arises from the enormous genetic variation of the virus and the unusual importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in controlling its spread. Whereas traditional vaccine strategies are unlikely to co...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Letvin NL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is well established as a treatment for patients with moderate to severe heart failure on optimal medical therapy. Early studies demonstrated improved functional capacity and evidence of reverse remodeling; more recently, CRT has been associated with a survival benefit in advance...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hasan A,Abraham WT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are di...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Silverstein MJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00