Abstract:
:Deregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not change the nucleotide sequence of DNA, and are manifested by specific patterns of gene expression that are heritable through many cell divisions. We review these modifications in normal and cancer cells and the evolving approaches used to study them. Additionally, we outline advances in their potential use for cancer diagnostics and targeted epigenetic therapy.
journal_name
Annu Rev Medjournal_title
Annual review of medicineauthors
Gal-Yam EN,Saito Y,Egger G,Jones PAdoi
10.1146/annurev.med.59.061606.095816subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
267-80eissn
0066-4219issn
1545-326Xjournal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Our understanding and treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has progressed since 1960 in parallel with work on cancer in general. CML provided the first evidence of a specific genetic change associated with a human cancer (the Philadelphia chromosome) and the clonal nature of these disorders. With improved c...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103519
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abstract::Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a syndrome seen in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. It is characterized by chronic colonization of the airways with a ubiquitous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. The clinical expression of ABPA results from the complex interaction of chronic colonization of the ...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.303
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abstract::The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen dramatically over the past three decades in western countries. The importance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) derives from its potential to transform to adenocarcinoma. BE is characterized by endoscopically recognized displacement of the squamocolumnar junction pr...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
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abstract::Stress and starvation, especially when complicated by sepsis, will give rise to a rapid erosion of the cellular mass, which significantly affects morbidity and mortality. The best clinical evaluation of the nutritional state is obtained from the medical history and the physical examination. In the patient who cannot e...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Heart transplantation has evolved over the past 30 years into a mainstay of therapy for heart failure patients. As the surgical technique and basic immunology were defined, heart transplantation became a real therapeutic option. Over the next few decades, thoracic transplant teams at Stanford University and other inst...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology have recently been applied to the study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human tissues and have enhanced our knowledge of viral persistence and chronic liver disease. These molecular studies strengthen previous epidemiologic evidence for an association between HBV chron...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remarkable progress made in the past few years has brought pancreatic islet transplantation to the threshold of human clinical trials. Islet transplants have reversed diabetes in experimental animals and prevented or reversed early diabetic complications in the recipients. Methods have been developed that prevent reje...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042418-010924
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E has a worldwide distribution and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in some developing countries, particularly among pregnant women. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently been cloned and sequenced and new diagnostic tests have been developed; these tests have been used to begin to characterize the n...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.257
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.509
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-052919-120219
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenetics deals with inherited differences in the response to drugs. The best-recognized examples are genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affect about 30% of all drugs. Loss of function of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) results in severe and life-threatening hematopoietic toxicity i...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.56.082103.104724
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042915-102529
更新日期:2017-01-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-121417-100403
更新日期:2019-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::The National Diabetes Data Group and the World Health Organization recently made recommendations concerning the classification of diabetes mellitus and proposed new diagnostic criteria. These recommendations are summarized and their bases elucidated. Certain discrepancies between the recommendations are apparent and t...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.me.34.020183.001455
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.59.090506.155819
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of im...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.133
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diastolic dysfunction is an important cause of the clinical syndrome of congestive heart failure. Traditionally, the syndrome of pulmonary congestion due to the elevation of left heart filling pressure has been attributed to the depressed ability of the heart to eject blood during systole, with a secondary increase in...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter reviews the biology of gastroesophageal reflux disease, relating pathophysiology to medical and surgical therapy. Various definitions of the disease are presented and workable criteria are developed to identify patients with the disease. The central importance of the lower esophageal high-pressure zone as...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.469
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin formation by cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2. NSAIDs selective for inhibition of COX-2 are less likely than traditional drugs to cause serious gastrointestinal adverse effects, but predispose to adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart failure, myocar...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-med-011209-153129
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the demonstration of the nature of the enzymatic defects in the sphingolipid storage disorders in the mid-1960s, consideration was directed to the development of therapy for patients with these conditions. High on the list of possibilities was enzyme supplementation or replacement. Many years of arduous inve...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GnRH and its analogues have led to exciting new avenues of therapy in virtually every subspecialty of internal medicine as well as in gynecology, pediatrics, and urology. Since their discovery in 1971, it has been demonstrated that GnRH and its analogues enable medical professionals to influence the hypothalamic-pitui...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past several years a combination of diverse steps has culminated in a significant improvement in our ability to save ischemic extremities. Encompassing all phases of vascular surgery, these advances in diagnosis, therapy, and long-term management are outlined. These and future improvements hold promise for ex...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic era is changing the understanding of cancer, although translation of the vast amount of data available into decision-making algorithms is far from reality. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cause of death among cirrhotic patients and a fast-growing malignancy in Western...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.080608.100623
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), once a rare affliction believed to be mainly caused by genetic mutations, has become a global pandemic that severely diminishes the quality of life for millions. Despite the changing face of CKD, treatment options and resources remain woefully antiquated and have failed to arr...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiviral drugs are important in the management of seasonal influenza and critical to pandemic planning. Although several other classes of anti-influenza compounds exist, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are currently the only option in most clinical settings. These drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, prevent the relea...
journal_title:Annual review of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.med.59.061506.213121
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00