Adjuvant Bisphosphonates and Breast Cancer Survival.

abstract：:Cyclosporine-A is primary therapy for organ transplantation. Its immunosuppressive effect might suggest a therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases, including several idiopathic and secondary glomerular conditions. Various forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minim...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Klein M,Radhakrishnan J,Appel G

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ preservation is the supply line for organ transplantation. Currently, the liver, pancreas, and kidney can be successfully preserved for up to two days by flushing the organs with the University of Wisconsin (UW) organ preservation solution and storing them at hypothermia (0-5 degree C). The UW solution is effect...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Southard JH,Belzer FO

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of sensitive metabolic tests, such as the deoxyuridine suppression test and measurement of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, to cobalamin status has identified the entity of mild, preclinical cobalamin deficiency. This state, common in the elderly, responds to cobalamin therapy. Preclinical deficien...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Carmel R

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not ch...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gal-Yam EN,Saito Y,Egger G,Jones PA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been replicated evidence demonstrating the rapid and potent antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Moreover, prec...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Abdallah CG,Sanacora G,Duman RS,Krystal JH

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was a mystery for over half a century until the discovery of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 is primarily synthesized in the liver, and its main function is to cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF) anchored on the endothelial surface, in circulation, and at the sites of vascul...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Zheng XL

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Patients should be divided preoperatively into low- or high-risk categories, depending on their probability of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. The evaluation should include spirometry as well as an assessment of the previously defined risk factors. 2. Patients in a low-risk category need only inst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Pierce AK,Robertson J

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart transplantation has evolved over the past 30 years into a mainstay of therapy for heart failure patients. As the surgical technique and basic immunology were defined, heart transplantation became a real therapeutic option. Over the next few decades, thoracic transplant teams at Stanford University and other inst...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Miniati DN,Robbins RC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncolo...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Tao JJ,Schram AM,Hyman DM

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A viral reservoir is a cell type or anatomical site in association with which a replication-competent form of the virus accumulates and persists with more stable kinetic properties than the main pool of actively replicating virus. This article reviews several cell types and anatomical sites proposed as potential reser...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Blankson JN,Persaud D,Siliciano RF

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The familial nature of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (FMEN) has been recognized for some time but little is known about their cause. Recent application of new molecular techniques has mapped FMEN syndromes to specific chromosomes and provided evidence for the mechanism through which neoplasia occurs. In this ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Nanes MS,Catherwood BD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two features of human parietal pleura explain its role in the formation and removal of pleural liquid and protein in the normal state: the proximity of the microvessels to the pleural surface and the presence of stomata situated between mesothelial cells. For pleural fluid to accumulate in disease, there must be incre...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Sahn SA

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium difficile infection is associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospital patients. Pathogenic strains of C. difficile produce two protein exotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which cause colonic mucosal injury and inflammation. Infection may be asy...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Kelly CP,LaMont JT

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a well-established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT has become a more readily available and useful new treatment option as a result of stool banks. The current state of knowledge indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in sev...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Ooijevaar RE,Terveer EM,Verspaget HW,Kuijper EJ,Keller JJ

更新日期：2019-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary thrombosis on an ulcerated atheroma. We now believe that the predominant cause of this intimal disruption is the rupture of the atheroma through the intimal surface, caused by enzymes released by activated macrophages. The subsequent clinical course following atheroma ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Forrester JS,Litvack F,Grundfest W

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the demonstration of the nature of the enzymatic defects in the sphingolipid storage disorders in the mid-1960s, consideration was directed to the development of therapy for patients with these conditions. High on the list of possibilities was enzyme supplementation or replacement. Many years of arduous inve...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Brady RO

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic strategies designed to target cancer metabolism are an area of intense research. Antimetabolites, first used to treat patients in the early twentieth century, served as an early proof of concept for such therapies. We highlight strategies that attempt to improve on the anti-metabolite approach as well as n...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bobrovnikova-Marjon E,Hurov JB

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clonal populations of cells can be identified by a number of different independent approaches, including analyses of karyotype, gene rearrangements, deletions or point mutations, X-linked polymorphisms, and integration of virus into the genome. Assessment of clonality has yielded valuable and surprising clues to the p...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Gilliland DG,Blanchard KL,Bunn HF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common and systemic disease characterized by formation of focal cysts. Of the three potential causes of cysts, downstream obstruction, compositional changes in extracellular matrix, and proliferation of partially dedifferentiated cells, evidence strongly suppor...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Arnaout MA

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive electrophysiologic studies are used to guide drug and non-pharmacologic therapy, including surgery, in patients with ventricular tachycardia. We discuss the indications, methods, and results of electrophysiologic studies in these patients. Both catheter and intraoperative studies are described. This approach ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Freedman RA,Anderson KP,Mason JW

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperi...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： FitzGerald JM,Macklem P

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most ventricular tachycardias encountered in clinical practice occur in patients who have structural heart disease. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia refers to those arrhythmias that occur in patients without structural heart disease, metabolic/electrolyte abnormalities, or the long QT syndrome. Three commonly recogn...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Altemose GT,Buxton AE

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective and reproducible intervention for increasing lifespan in a variety of animal species, including mammals. CR is also the most potent, broadly acting cancer-prevention regimen in experimental carcinogenesis models. Translation of the knowledge gained from CR research to hum...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Hursting SD,Lavigne JA,Berrigan D,Perkins SN,Barrett JC

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a syndrome observed after allogeneic marrow transplantation and presumably mediated by donor T lymphocytes reactive against the tissues of the recipient. Clinically relevant acute GVHD develops in 35-50% of patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts within the first 100 days of tran...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Deeg HJ,Storb R

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of an HIV vaccine is proving to be an unprecedented challenge. The difficulty in creating this vaccine arises from the enormous genetic variation of the virus and the unusual importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in controlling its spread. Whereas traditional vaccine strategies are unlikely to co...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Letvin NL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International HapMap Project produced a genome-wide database of human genetic variation for use in genetic association studies of common diseases. The initial output of these studies has been overwhelming, with over 150 risk loci identified in studies of more than 60 common diseases and traits. These associations ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Manolio TA,Collins FS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An effective host response to infection or tissue damage requires focal accumulation of leukocytes. Leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, a key step in this process, depends on the ordered expression of specific endothelial cell surface molecules. The endothelial molecules that support adhesion include selectins that...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Bevilacqua MP,Nelson RM,Mannori G,Cecconi O

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant drug in the world. This chapter reviews the human pharmacology of caffeine; the evidence for its role in causing human disease, including addiction; and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic agent. ...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Benowitz NL

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eccrine sweat is produced by millions of miniscule glands buried in the skin. Eccrine sweating from the general body surface is an extremely important function in human thermoregulation; disturbances either in the control of sweating activity or in the glands themselves can result in problems ranging from minor social...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Quinton PM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro coculture studies of normal T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, or monocytes with human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) suggest a potential role for immune cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In some patients with severe aplastic anemia or selective pure red cell, white cell, or megakaryocyte...

journal_title：Annual review of medicine

authors： Mangan KF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00