Abstract:
:Six children, aged 2 months - 4 years, received theophylline 5-6 mg/kg intravenously. Its disposition could be described by a two-compartment open model, the mean serum half life (t 1/2 beta) was 3.75 h, i.e., shorter than in adults, but there was a considerable interindividual variation (1.8-7.0 h, in one patient 13.3 h). Thirteen children (2 months - 4 years) received theophylline suppositories in a dose of 3.8-5.0 mg/kg, and ten (6 months - 4 years) in a dose of 8.4-14.5 mg/kg. Absorption was slow (mean half-time 43 min), incomplete and variable (biological availability 8-100%, mean 80%). Only four of the patients given the higher dose and none given the lower dose reached a therapeutic serum concentration (10-20 microgram/ml). Nine children (6 months - 4 years) received rectal enemas of theophylline 4.1-9.2 mg/kg. Absorbtion was rapid (mean half-time 5.5 min) and biological availability averaged 100%. Six patients reached a serum concentration within the therapeutic range. Using the mean values of the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, rectal enemas providing a dose of theophylline of 6-8 mg/kg t.i.d. were computed to give serum concentrations between 8-20 microgram/ml, without producing too high a level during the absorption phase.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Bolme P,Edlund PO,Eriksson M,Paalzow L,Winbladh Bdoi
10.1007/BF00563120subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-09-01 00:00:00pages
133-9issue
2eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate if the ordinary use of a vaginal suppository containing miconazole results in systemic absorption that is sufficient to affect the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which are major drug- and steroid-metabolising enzymes. METHODS:In 20 healthy non-pregnant women aged 18-45 years, the serum concent...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0906-2
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies showed that probucol significantly lowered both LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. In addition, there is evidence that as an essential antioxidant probucol causes variations in cellular interactions and cardiovascular functions in patients. Therefore, 14 hypercholesterolemic men were investigated be...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maternofetal transfer of the beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonist celiprolol has been studied in four hypertensive pregnant women. Fetal plasma concentrations were about 25-50% of the levels found on the maternal side. There was no significant difference between the plasma concentrations of the two enantiomers i...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00316477
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the prevalence of poor metabolisers (PM) of S-mephenytoin in 373 unrelated, healthy Spanish Caucasian subjects, based on the enantiomeric S/R mephenytoin ratio in urine collected 0-8 h and 24-32 h after intake of the racemic drug. Five of the subjects were PM (1.34%, 95% confidence interval 0.18-2...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02440867
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A four-drug cytochrome P450 (CYP) phenotyping cocktail was developed to rapidly and safely determine CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 enzyme activity and phenotype. METHODS:The cocktail consisted of the single CYP phenotyping probes of 50 mg tramadol (CYP2D6), 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19), 25 mg losartan (C...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1561-1
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the incidence of hyperammonemia and changes in the prescribing of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients receiving valproic acid. METHODS:We evaluated 40,363 plasma samples from 6009 epilepsy patients obtained from 2006 to 201...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1939-3
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have given 12 healthy subjects the H1-antihistamine ebastine (20 mg) or placebo in a double-blind, crossover study for one week each. The subjects were tested for drug effects on Day 6 of each period, and for interactions of ebastine with ethanol (0.8 g.kg-1) on Day 7. On both days, the testing runs were done at ba...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01740667
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of ibuprofen to human serum albumin, normal plasma and plasma obtained from rheumatoid arthritic patients was studied using the method of ultracentrifugation. It was found that ibuprofen is more strongly bound to normal plasma than to human serum albumin although this result is probably explained by fatty ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00542526
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unstable angina is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased rate and severity of angina pectoris attacks and, sometimes but not always, accompanied by ECG changes similar to those seen in coronary insufficiency. According to the present conception of the pathogenesis, ruptures at points of high-grade stenosis in...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01417569
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the pressor response to tyramine has been investigated in 6 healthy volunteers, each submitted to an i.v. tyramine pressor test before and after 7 days of propranolol 40 mg b.d. or indenolol 60 mg o.d. Tyramine was given as i.v. boluses of 1-6 mg, alternating with saline, in a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00540953
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the frequency and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalised patients, and to identify risk factors for DRPs and the drugs most frequently causing them. METHODS:From May to December 2002, 827 patients from six internal medicine and two rheumatology departments in five hospitals in Norw...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00228-004-0830-4
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify the frequency of CYP2C9*1, *2 and *3 alleles and the genotype of CYP2C9 gene in the Tamilian population. METHODS:The study was conducted on 135 unrelated healthy human volunteers. DNA was extracted from the peripheral leukocytes samples and was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0666-3
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of psychotropic drug use in a sample of Italian outpatient psychiatric services. METHODS:Drug-utilisation survey conducted within the framework of a broader prospective follow-up study with 67 Italian outpatient psychiatric services. RESULTS:The data concern 2322 patients recrui...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s002280050694
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbitone (PB) using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) analysis in Japanese adults with epilepsy. METHODS:A total of 144 serum PB concentrations were obtained from 74 subjects treated wi...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050703
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper an alternative approach to nonlinear pharmacokinetics modelling has been developed from first principles. This "Unsteady Model" is able to describe the situation whereby one or more independent drugs and their metabolites compete for free attachment sites in liver, tissue, red blood cells etc. The Unstea...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615410
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used as adjunct therapy to treat acute asthma exacerbations. Despite its clinical use, there is a limited understanding of the disposition of magnesium in children. METHODS:To explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) of IV MgSO4 in this population, we collected retrospect...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2165-3
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of patients with biliary tract disease treated by cholecystectomy were given ceftriaxone. In Group 1 single doses of 150 mg and 1500 mg were given on Days 1 and 5 after cholecystectomy. In Group 2 2 g was given daily for 6 days and the cholecystectomy was on Day 2. Patients in Group 3 received 2 g every 1...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00607958
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cross-over study of six healthy male volunteers, 500 mg theophylline was administered either as plain tablets or in a sustained release preparation. On each occasion 2 g of non-enteric coated sulphasalazine was administered simultaneously as the time of appearance of sulphapyridine, the product of hydrolysis, in ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00265979
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Clomipramine is one of the drugs for depression during pregnancy; however, pharmacokinetic data of clomipramine and its active metabolite desmethylclomipramine in this vulnerable period are lacking. In this study, we describe clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine concentrations including their ratios during pr...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1944-6
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to add to the body of evidence on statin-induced gynecomastia based on data retrieved from the Italian spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting database. METHODS:Spontaneous ADR reports collected in the Italian database up to 31 December 2010 were assessed on a case-by-case b...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-012-1218-5
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Studies demonstrating mortality benefit of beta blockers (BB) after myocardial infarction (MI) were conducted before the era of percutaneous intervention and widespread use of statins. Recent retrospective studies show inconsistent results regarding which subgroups of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients' ben...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02886-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on forged prescriptions in Sweden in 1982-1986 were studied as an indicator in an epidemiological survey of medication abuse. The annual number of prescription forgeries doubled during the 5-year period. Psychotropic drugs accounted for 62% and analgesics for 25% of all forgeries. Benzodiazepines were the major s...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637747
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Procaine esterase activity in plasma from patients with renal failure is decreased by 40%. Since cyanate is formed from urea and readily carbamylates certain blood proteins, a possible role for cyanate in the depression of plasma esterase activity in uraemic patients was considered. However, in vitro carbamylation of ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609899
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts are a biomarker of APAP metabolism, reflecting oxidation of APAP and generation of the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. High levels of adducts correspond to liver toxicity in patients with APAP-related acute liver failure. Adduct formation following low-dos...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-012-1410-7
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven patients with hepatic cirrhosis or cholestasis were treated with rifampicin for 7 to 132 days. Ten patients received hexobarbital (7.32 mg/kg) and five received tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) by i.v. infusion prior to and after rifampicin treatment; plasma concentrations of the two test compounds were determined during...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00607679
更新日期:1977-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between plasma concentration of theophylline and number of apnea preterm infants was studied in six patients. The apnea frequency was monitored after cessation of theophylline treatment and plotted against the log plasma concentration of theophylline. It was calculated that at an average plasma concentrat...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00561480
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 8 social drinkers, the effect of a single dose of Liv.52 or placebo on ethanol absorption has been studied after ingestion of 30 ml whisky in 5 min. The t1/2 absorption with Liv.52 was 3.62 min, significantly less than after placebo, 6.29 min. The peak concentration after Liv.52 (49.9 mg.100 ml-1) was significantly...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00280076
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in the symptomatic relief of mosquito bites. Sixty eight healthy volunteers were bitten under laboratory conditions by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at three spots, on the ventral aspect of the forearm. One...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00192367
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The four sulphonamides studied--furosemide, tolbutamide, sulfafurazole and sulfonamidochlorobenzoic acid--bind to human albumin at the same sites but with decreasing affinity. These sites are also common to other drugs, namely acenocoumarin, chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, phenylbutazone and warfarin. In plasma, the fou...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609473
更新日期:1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacodynamic effects of FCE20700, a new PGE2 derivative, have been investigated in 6 healthy volunteers given single intragastric (i.g.) and intraduodenal (i.d.) doses of 1 and 2 mg and placebo, according to a double-blind, within-subjects design. For 30-270 min following i.g. administration the effect of FCE20...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00606626
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00