Abstract：
:In this paper an alternative approach to nonlinear pharmacokinetics modelling has been developed from first principles. This "Unsteady Model" is able to describe the situation whereby one or more independent drugs and their metabolites compete for free attachment sites in liver, tissue, red blood cells etc. The Unsteady model collapses to well-known existing models viz: Michaelis-Menten, Langmuir tissue binding and the linear compartment models, under certain well-defined, limiting conditions. The Unsteady model and its collapse to existing models is derived mathematically and illustrated with simulations. For several reasons the Unsteady model would appear to have many advantages and wide application.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Smith MT,Smith TCdoi
10.1007/BF00615410subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
387-98issue
5eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Dosing of vancomycin in pediatric patients undergoing continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) is challenging. Characterization of vancomycin pharmacokinetics can assist with dosing and attainment of goal serum concentrations. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS:Patient...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-019-02664-7
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of high doses of clonidine, as used in the prophylactic treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in 11 alcohol-dependent patients undergoing surgery for oesophagogastrectomy. Clonidine was given in a bolus of 150 micrograms followed by a continuous infusion. After a mean period ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315500
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioavailability of four preparations containing dihydrotachysterol (DHT2) was tested in two separate trials with administration of single, oral doses of 1 mg per individual. The relative bioavailability of corresponding preparations (capsules vs capsules and oral solution vs oral solution) was tested in a randomis...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00193484
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the study was to compare plasma concentrations of rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) between tuberculosis (TB) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS:Two-hour post-dosing concentrations of RMP, INH and PZA were determined in adult TB patients that were studie...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-016-2132-z
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate adherence rates to hospital drug formularies (HDFs) and cost of drugs in hospitals. METHODS:Data on drugs used during 2010 were analyzed for ten hospitals (two hospitals from each of the five regions), constituting 30 % of hospitals and 45 % of hospital beds in Denmark. Drug use data from indivi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1540-6
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual variation in the half-life of caffeine in the body was measured by HPLC analysis of saliva samples. The mean for adult males and non-pregnant females was 3.4 h (range 2-5 h, n = 25), and 8.3 h (range 3-16 h, n = 57) for pregnant women. After delivery, in most cases the values returned to normal within one m...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00637512
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antihypertensive effect of a new vasodilator with betablocking properties (SK & F 92657) was investigated in 10 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a mean treatment period of 26,5 weeks (6,5-49 weeks) blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 168 +/- 22/106 +/- 6 mmHg to 144 +/- 19/94...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00605990
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biliary excretion of mebendazole has been investigated in two patients to whom it was given for the treatment of echinococcosis, although it was found to be only partly effective. Oral mebendazole was extensively metabolized and the conjugated parent substance and its metabolites were excreted in the bile. One pat...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544020
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The haemodynamic effects of concomitant intravenous administration of disopyramide (Norpace) and atenolol (Tenormin) were studied in a cross-over trial in 7 patients with ischaemic heart disease. Following 150 mg disopyramide i.v. the cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) decreased by 14% and 26%, respectiv...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00614295
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetic profiles of transdermal timolol 6 and 24 mg (as 5 and 20% w/v patches) was studied in four healthy young volunteers. To assess its bioavailability, the pharmacokinetics of an IV infusion of timolol maleate 5 mg was also determined in the same subjects. When the 20% (w/v) timolol patch was applied, ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315551
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the pharmacodynamic effects of ramipril, propranolol, and their combination, as well as the effect of propranolol on the pharmacokinetics of ramipril in 12 healthy men (age 24 (SD 6) y, weight 72 (7) kg). Propranolol and placebo, ramipril and placebo, or propranolol and ramipril were given orally for f...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00315392
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six children, aged 2 months - 4 years, received theophylline 5-6 mg/kg intravenously. Its disposition could be described by a two-compartment open model, the mean serum half life (t 1/2 beta) was 3.75 h, i.e., shorter than in adults, but there was a considerable interindividual variation (1.8-7.0 h, in one patient 13....
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00563120
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In the management of melanoma, BRAF inhibitors yield fast disease control; however, the duration of response does not last very long. Ipilimumab-an anti-CTLA4 antibody on the other hand-provides longer-lasting results of treatment but achieves less favorable responses. The aim of this study was to assess the ef...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-018-2590-6
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse whether first-time use of antidepressants (incidence) and selection of TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) versus new-generation drugs are associated with socio-economic status and psychiatric history. METHOD:We conducted a population-based cohort study using registry data covering Funen County, Denm...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0723-y
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral and sublingual isoxsuprine 20 mg were compared with placebo in double blind randomised cross over trial in 7 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin thermography, plethysmography of the finger tips and direct temperature measurements showed that sublingual isoxsuprine was slightly but consistently superior to th...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00615400
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of marketed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents varies widely from one European country to another, partly as a consequence of differing regulatory policies. During a four-year period, nine of 18 applications to market such drugs in the Netherlands failed; the remaining nine compounds were all licenced; ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558371
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Evidence exists to suggest that diclofenac is metabolised by CYP2C9. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of the single CYP2C9*3 variant on drug metabolism using diclofenac as a probe drug. METHODS:A single dose of diclofenac was administered orally to 12 healthy subjects in whom...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050722
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:NXY-059 is a nitrone-based, free-radical trapping agent being developed for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Elimination of NXY-059 is primarily renal. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of NXY-059 in subjects with renal impairment. METHODS:Twenty-four subjects with a ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-002-0478-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the systemic exposure for intranasal mometasone furoate (MF) and fluticasone propionate (FP) aqueous nasal sprays (ANS) in terms of serum and urinary cortisol parameters and plasma pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Twelve healthy subjects completed this three-way, cross-over study. They received FPANS (5...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0763-y
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the transfer of the analgesic ketorolac tromethamine into breast milk in ten women aged between 22 and 35 years. Ketorolac administration was started between 2 and 6 days after delivery. The breast milk was not fed to the infant because of maternal antibiotic use (6 patients) or because of jaundice of ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558080
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of AS-4370 on gastric emptying was investigated in healthy adults using 99mTc-DTPA. Single doses of AS-4370 2.5, 5 or 10 mg or placebo were administered to 12 subjects in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Tests were performed twice weekly in each subject. Thirty min after administration of test ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00314963
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis has been tested that an unusual maternal acetylator phenotype can predispose to congenital malformations in the fetus. The acetylator phenotype of normal caucasian control women and of mothers of malformed children was established by measuring urinary sulphadimidine and its acetylated metabolite. A furt...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609187
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) stimulates prolactin release. In the present study the ability of dexfenfluramine to increase serum prolactin was used as an index of central 5-HT function after acute and chronic pretreatment of volunteers with fluoxetine. Following a single-blind, random design, on each experimental day each volunte...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00191908
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in the symptomatic relief of mosquito bites. Sixty eight healthy volunteers were bitten under laboratory conditions by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at three spots, on the ventral aspect of the forearm. One...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00192367
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of nomifensin (Hoechst 36984), a synthetic psychotropic drug whose structure differs from MAO inhibitors and tricyclics, was studied in a double blind comparative trial with desimipramine in patients with various depressive syndromes. Forty-three patients (23 in the nomifensin group and 20 in the desimipram...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609468
更新日期：1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the characteristics of ADRs in patients admitting at the emergency room of a tertiary hospital. METHODS:We collected the patient records of 1600 emergency room visits of a university hospital in 2018. The patient files were studied retrospectively and all possible ADRs were identified and regist...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-03043-3
更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was investigated in five hyperthyroid, five hypothyroid, and five euthyroid patients, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Wide individual variability was found in theophylline kinetics, but the rate of elimination of theophylline was significantly higher in hyperthyroid...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544240
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate if an intervention aimed at improving the quality of the diagnostic procedures in Spanish general practice could lower antibiotic prescribing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). METHODS:GPs in the intervention group (n=17) registered all patients with RTIs during a 3-week per...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0187-y
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A prospective study was undertaken to determine the transcorneal penetration of three topically applied fluoroquinolones into aqueous humour. METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-four patients undergoing cataract extraction received 0.3% ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin or ofloxacin eye drops by two different administra...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050371
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of activated charcoal and gastric lavage in preventing the absorption of moclobemide, temazepam, and verapamil 30 min after drug ingestion. METHODS:In this randomized cross-over study with three phases, nine healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 150 mg moclobemide, 10 mg t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002280000139
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
