Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of psychotropic drug use in a sample of Italian outpatient psychiatric services. METHODS:Drug-utilisation survey conducted within the framework of a broader prospective follow-up study with 67 Italian outpatient psychiatric services. RESULTS:The data concern 2322 patients recruited over a 3-year period. Three-quarters of the cohort were prescribed antipsychotic drugs, one-half received benzodiazepines and nearly one-third received antidepressants. The trends in drug use from 1994 to 1997 show that for patients with schizophrenia there has been a decrease in the prescription of typical neuroleptics: the use of haloperidol passed from 56% to 42.4% and that of chlorpromazine dropped from 13.5% to 6.1%; during the same period, an increasing use of the atypical compound risperidone was observed. Among patients suffering from unipolar affective psychosis, the prescriptions of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have not changed in time, while the proportion of patients receiving neuroleptic drugs has increased from 41% to 45.2%. In addition, the use of antiepileptic drugs and lithium increased, irrespective of diagnosis. Almost 40% of the patients on psychotropic drugs received three or more drugs. Finally, a positive association was found between the number of prescribed compounds and the daily dose administered. CONCLUSION:These data indicate that in the absence of a rational approach to drug use, a symptomatic approach is generally adopted, by which common sense, experience, information provided by non-independent agencies and other cultural parameters play an important role in the prescription strategy. Pharmacoepidemiology should more often consider the use of drugs as a dependent variable, to be investigated within the context of other clinical, cultural, social and setting-related parameters; this approach would enable a more comprehensive assessment of prescribing practices and strategies in routine clinical care.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Tognoni Gdoi
10.1007/s002280050694subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-01 00:00:00pages
685-90issue
9eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract::The effect of spironolactone on cardiac contractility indices was studied by externally recording systolic time intervals in four digitalized and four non-digitalized patients with ischaemic heart disease. A negative inotropic effect was found after spironolactone 100mg b.i.d. in all eight patients, as measured by an ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00637612
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in the plasma concentrations of drugs after oral administration are caused by two main factors: variation in absorption ratios and in the distribution processes in the body. A new method for the dissection of both types of factors is discussed. The method uses a reference regression of the AUC-values to th...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00545226
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have assessed the effect of omeprazole on various endocrine functions in man. Eight healthy subjects took 60 mg omeprazole or placebo daily for 1 week in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. On Day 7 basal concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, testostero...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00543980
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since little is known of the number and types of binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and because drug-drug protein binding interactions often fail to fit a simple model, a study of the effect of 9 known AAG binding drugs on lidocaine free fraction (LFF) was performed. Serum was obtained from 10 healthy ma...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01037957
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of procainamide (P) on left ventricular function as measured by the systolic time intervals (STI) was studied in 14 patients with primary myocardial disease. P, 7.5 mg/kg body weight, was given intravenously at a rate of 100 mg per minute. Administration of P produced a decrease in left ventricular performa...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00561387
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ramixotidine 2 HCl (CM 57755), has been tested in healthy male volunteers for its ability to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In the first study, in 8 subjects, pentagastrin 6 micrograms.kg-1 was injected s.c., 90 min after the following 4 or...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00637671
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this work was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for a prolonged-release granule formulation of valproic acid (VPA) in children with epilepsy and to determine the doses providing a VPA trough concentration (Ctrough) within the target range (50-100 mg/L). METHODS:Ninety-eight childre...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-018-2444-2
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug utilization was studied in children below 14 years of age in Tenerife, Canary Islands, who were seen as outpatients by 15 paediatricians and 10 general practitioners. Data on diagnosis, previous drug exposure and prescriptions were collected from a random sample of 1327 children. Nose and throat infections (40.1%...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01046708
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of a possible correlation between changes in left ventricular mass of hypertensive patients and the degree of blood pressure reduction with different antihypertensive drugs has been investigated in 40 outpatients by M-mode echocardiography. Ten of these, with blood pressure in normal limits with different...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00556886
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although the treatment of schizophrenia with many second generation antipsychotics is known to be associated with metabolic changes, such as hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia, the underlying mechanisms of these adverse reactions remain unclear. In light of the recent focus on the involvement of semicarbaz...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0272-x
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Tamsulosin is one of the most potent drugs currently available to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A are the two major enzymes responsible for tamsulosin metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms on the pharm...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-018-2501-x
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify the relation between local and systemic magnitudes of effects of inhaled formoterol and salbutamol. METHODS:Twenty-eight stable asthmatic patients completed this double-blind, randomised crossover study. Pre-drug administration FEV1 (mean 2.08 L) was 49-93% of predicted and reversibility 16-82% a...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Digoxin is a well-known probe for the activity of P-glycoprotein. The objective of this work was to apply different methods for covariate selection in non-linear mixed-effect models to study the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin and the genotype for two major exons located on the...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0269-5
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe and compare the distribution of prescribed drugs in diabetic patients between 1992 and 1995. METHODS:Two cross-sectional surveys of a random selection of medical records of diabetic patients, from three community health centres (CHCs) in the Stockholm metropolitan area, were carried out. The age ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050285
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between migration status and education level and the use of recommended drugs after first acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS:A nationwide cohort study performed in Sweden from January 1, 2006 to August 1, 2008. The cohort consisted of 49,037 in...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1821-3
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The pharmacokinetics of orally administered immediate-release, twice-daily (BID) and modified-release, once-daily (QD) formulations of tacrolimus have high interindividual variability. We investigated factors affecting interindividual variability of tacrolimus bioavailability in renal transplant patients. METH...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1514-8
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the contribution of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to hospital readmissions. METHODS:This was a case-control study in which unscheduled admissions of patients who had been admitted to the hospital during the two previous months were assessed during a 21-month period. The patient was considered a cas...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0473-y
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the antiaggregatory effect of fenflumizole, a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory imidazole derivative, in ten patients with unstable angina pectoris. We have measured the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), ADP, and collagen, and serum or plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00606628
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Aflibercept, a fully humanized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted agent, has emerged as an effective therapy in the treatment of various solid tumors. We carried out an up-to-date meta-analysis to determine the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) in cancer patients treated with aflibercept. MET...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1633-2
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 6 normal volunteers given single oral doses of 250,500 and 1000 mg ticlopidine (T), the peak plasma level of unchanged drug was reached after about 2 h. There was no correlation between the plasma T level and its inhibitory effect on platelet function, expressed as % inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation. By means ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00626364
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interaction of the main metabolites of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide with alcohol was measured in two subacute double-blind cross-over experiments on 40 healthy, young volunteers. The drugs were administered for two week periods. The variables measured were choice reaction time and accuracy, eye-hand co-ordination, di...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00644607
更新日期:1978-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The clearance of chlordiazepoxide from the systemic circulation was studied in 20 subjects which included 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 5 normal volunteers. The half-life for the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation was found to increase exponentially with age (r = 0.73, P less than 0.0005) an...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00562805
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Triptans are contraindicated in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD); however, few studies have evaluated triptans in patients with obstructive CAD to quantify the vasoconstrictive effect on diseased coronary vessels. METHODS:Patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary a...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-005-0988-4
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enoximone, a new positive inotropic agent, was investigated in 6 healthy men. The volunteers received single oral and i.v. doses of 3 and 1 mg/kg, respectively, and placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. Plasma concentrations of enoximone and i...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637599
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clorazepate 20 mg was given i.m. to 49 mothers during the first stage of labour. The elimination of the drug was studied in 27 newborns produced by these mothers. The same dose was given to 13 women who underwent amniocentesis and to 7 women who were breast-feeding. "Total nordiazepam", i.e. the sum of clorazepate and...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00563103
更新日期:1979-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic parameters of deacetyl metipranolol were determined after i.v. infusion of increasing doses (6-25mg) in 17 normal volunteers. In a second cross-over trial, deacetyl metipranolol 10 and 20mg were infused in a further 10 subjects, and in a third trial another 20 volunteers received metipranolol 40mg ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637616
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Databases of subjects receiving antidepressants provide evidence on the use of drugs in typical patients and settings under real-world conditions. This study analysed a general practice database to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant drug use, describe the use of these compounds by gender and age and es...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280100361
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prazosin (alpha 1 adrenoceptor blocker) was studied in 20 healthy volunteers. PATIENTS:Ten elderly (61-81 y) and ten young (23-28 y) subjects were studied. All subjects received 1 mg of prazosin orally in a fasting state. Serial blood samples ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050067
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In patients with schizophrenia, risperidone and olanzapine are the two most commonly used atypical anti-psychotics. A recent meta-analysis based on randomized trials suggests that, in the long term, olanzapine can have a lower frequency of treatment discontinuation (or dropout) in comparison with risperidone....
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0705-0
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the skeleton is a critical function of a continuous remodeling driven by highly associated processes of bone resorption and synthetic activities driven by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Acceleration of bone turnover, accompanied with a dis...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0174-3
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00