Abstract:
:This paper summarizes the themes and recommendations that emerge from the papers presented by the Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone. In terms of current knowledge, the following are considered of particular importance: a) lack of clear evidence for a human analogue of the terminal bronchiolar and proximal acinar changes observed in the lungs of ozone-exposed animals; b) lack of evidence for a connection between the acute respiratory effects of O3 and possible chronic respiratory effects; c) need to better define the characteristics of O3-susceptible individuals; d) the lack of adequate exposure assessment tools for reconstruction of lifetime O3 exposure; and e) incomplete information on the role of other ambient environmental pollutants in the facilitation of O3 effects or as a cause of effects attributed to O3 in human populations. Based on the above, several recommendations for epidemiologic research on health effects of O3 are offered. a) Studies to investigate the existence of chronic health effects of O3 are essential, particularly those that include autopsied human lung tissue and biologic and physiologic response markers. b) Studies are needed to link acute responses with chronic effects and should include joint epidemiologic and controlled-exposure assessments. c) Studies are needed to identify susceptible subgroups. Such studies should include newly emerging biologic markers of O3 exposure. d) Accurate and precise tools for chronic O3 exposure assessment need to be developed for use in retrospective and prospective studies. e) Collaborative studies between epidemiologists and laboratory investigators are needed to develop and evaluate markers of O3 exposure and to test O3 exposure models.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Tager IBdoi
10.1289/ehp.93101s4237subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-12-01 00:00:00pages
237-9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
101 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It was considered that the fall in lung function seen after exposure to cotton dust may be attributable in part to the activity of arachidonic acid metabolites, such as leucotrienes as well as to the more established release of histamine by cotton dust. However, we found that cotton and barley dusts elicited poor rele...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866687
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the National Toxicology Program 2-year inhalation study of dichloromethane (DCM), there was a significant increase in pulmonary neoplasms in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 2000 ppm (overall rates of 30/48 versus 5/50 in control). Replicative DNA synthesis was examined to evaluate the potential role of treatment-indu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s5271
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is accumulating evidence that the multistage carcinogenic process is associated with the progressive acquisition of mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes and in growth-suppressor genes. At the same time, several types of evidence indicate that nongenotoxic agents and epigenetic events also play an important role...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9193175
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prospective cohort studies constitute the major source of evidence about the mortality effects of chronic exposure to particulate air pollution. Additional studies are needed to provide evidence on the health effects of chronic exposure to particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11449
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along the Texas-Mexico border, the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) among Mexican-American women doubled during 1990-1991. The human outbreak began during the same crop year as epizootics attributed to exposure to fumonisin, a mycotoxin that often contaminates corn. Because Mexican Americans in Texas consume l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8221
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. METHODS:Test chemicals and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9360
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and in drinking water has prompted significant public interest regarding potential adverse ecological effects and risks to human health. OBJECTIVES:The Environmental Health Summit held in North Carolina, 10-11 November 2008, explored the issues associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901532
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to identify mental, behavioral, and cognitive disorders that may be triggered or exacerbated during heat waves, predisposing individuals to heat-related morbidity and mortality. DESIGN:Using health outcome data from Adelaide, South Australia, for 1993-2006, we estimated the effect ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11339
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1357
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most published environmental remediation interventions have been directed at single allergens and have employed demanding strategies; few have been performed in the homes of inner-city children disproportionately burdened by asthma. Our objective was a) to describe the allergen sensitivities, environmental tobacco smo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110939
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between human illness and exposure to Pfiesteria was first observed among laboratory personnel working with the microorganism. In 1997, in the setting of Pfiesteria activity on the Pocomoke River in Maryland, difficulties with learning and memory were epidemiologically associated with high-level exposur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s5787
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a population-based study of PFOA and PFOS and birth outcomes from 2005 through 2010 in a Mid-Ohio Valley community exposed to high levels of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206372
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air pollution was recently designated a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This determination was based on the evidence regarding the relationship of PM2.5 and PM10 to lung cancer risk; however, the IARC evaluation did not include ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp/1408092
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pregnancy is a sensitive condition during which adverse environmental exposures should be monitored thoroughly and minimized whenever possible. In particular, the hormone balance during gestation is delicate, and disturbance may cause acute or chronic long-term health effects. A potential endocrine disruptio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP4860
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Building-related illness ranges from mild rhinitis to potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis and legionellosis. Sick-building syndrome, consisting of headache, mucous membrane irritation, and fatigue, may be present in 30% of all office workers. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, and legionellosi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.919567
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied peripheral lymphocyte HPRT variant frequency and endogenous nitrosation in human populations exposed to various nitrate levels in their drinking water. Four test populations of women volunteers were compared. Low and medium tap water nitrate exposure groups (14 and 21 subjects) were using public water suppl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104522
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace is an important component of exposure assessment and prevention of adverse health effects. It should be employed in conjunction with ambient air monitoring to provide information on the absorbed dose of a chemical agent and the effect of all routes of exp...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s1105
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Counties in the United States have been identified with chemical establishments whose primary manufacturing processes use vinyl chloride. Site-specific cancer mortality comparisons have revealed an excess of multiple myeloma in males associated with two of the manufacturing categories, synthetic rubber and synthetic f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.751179
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of reactive intermediates generated upon reduction of chromium(VI) by glutathione or hydrogen peroxide and the resulting DNA damage have been determined. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromium(V) complexes and the glutathione thiyl radical. When chromium(VI) was ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919253
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been an increasing focus in environmental risk assessment on children as a potentially susceptible population. There also has been growing recognition of the need for a systematic approach for organizing, evaluating, and incorporating the available data on children's susceptibilities in risk ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6182
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional models of toxicity have relied on dissecting chemical action into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. However, the integration of genomic information with toxicology will enhance our basic understanding of these processes and significantly change the way we apply toxicological information to ris...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s6919
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin-H synthase is unique among enzymes of the plant and animal kingdom in its ability to biosynthesize and metabolize hydroperoxides. Its cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates polyunsaturated fatty acids to hydroperoxy endoperoxides, and its peroxidase activity reduces the hydroperoxy group to hydroxy groups. H...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.90885
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable associations of syntrophic fermentative organisms and populations that consume fermentation products play key roles in the anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated organic contaminants. The involvement of these syntrophic populations is essential for mineralization of chlorinated aromatic compounds under methano...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6933
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microcystin-LR, a cyclic heptapeptide, possesses the ability to inhibit the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A and, consequently, exhibits acute hepatocytotoxicity. Moreover, microcystin-LR induces cellular proliferation, resulting in tumor-promoting activity in hepatocytes. However, mechanis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1001899
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment. Case reports have suggested that maternal exposure to high levels of Tl during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but epidemiological data are limited. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to evaluate whether pren...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409202
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of technical and statistical problems in monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of local area death rates in the United States for evidence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic strategy is proposed to reduce one of the major statistical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560369
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groundwater pollution has become a worrisome phenomenon, mainly for aquifers underlying industrialized areas. In order to evaluate the risk of pollution, a model of the aquifer is needed. Herewith, we describe a quasi-tridimensional model, which we applied to a multilayered aquifer where a phreatic aquifer was coupled...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.898377
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7615135
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children and their parents in residences are often protected by insecticides from nuisance and disease-bearing mosquitoes. The annual worldwide consumption of the four major types of residential insecticide products--aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid vaporizers, and vaporizing mats--is in the billions of units. Mosquit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6177
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00