The biological exposure indices: a key component in protecting workers from toxic chemicals.

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans are a potentially high-risk group for dietary exposure to methylmercury through fish consumption. However, blood mercury levels in this group have not been identified in recent reports of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the y...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Hightower JM,O'Hare A,Hernandez GT

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a need to identify and evaluate an effective mitigation program for arsenic exposure from drinking water in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted mitigation program to reduce As exposure among 11,746 individuals in a prospective cohort study initiated in 2000 in Ara...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Chen Y,van Geen A,Graziano JH,Pfaff A,Madajewicz M,Parvez F,Hussain AZ,Slavkovich V,Islam T,Ahsan H

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Fischbein A,Zabludovsky N,Eltes F,Grischenko V,Bartoov B

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we summarize the results of a series of studies that measured the relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead in a variety of soil and soil-like test materials. Reference material (Pb acetate) or Pb-contaminated soils were administered orally to juvenile swine twice a day for 15 days. Blood samples were col...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Casteel SW,Weis CP,Henningsen GM,Brattin WJ

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The upward trend in industrial nations in the incidence of male genitourinary (GU) conditions may be attributed to increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, is one such suspected endocrine disruptor. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship be...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Small CM,DeCaro JJ,Terrell ML,Dominguez C,Cameron LL,Wirth J,Marcus M

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway. OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children. METHODS:We condu...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Thompson B,Coronado GD,Vigoren EM,Griffith WC,Fenske RA,Kissel JC,Shirai JH,Faustman EM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemoprotective phytochemicals exhibit multiple activities and interact with several cellular receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AhR). In this study we investigated the AhR agonist/antagonist activities of the following flavonoids: chrysin, phloretin, kaempferol, galangin, naringenin, genistein, ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Zhang S,Qin C,Safe SH

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the National Toxicology Program 2-year inhalation study of dichloromethane (DCM), there was a significant increase in pulmonary neoplasms in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 2000 ppm (overall rates of 30/48 versus 5/50 in control). Replicative DNA synthesis was examined to evaluate the potential role of treatment-indu...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Kanno J,Foley JF,Kari F,Anderson MW,Maronpot RR

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Functional limitations are a major cause for needing care and institutionalization among older adults. Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with increased functional limitations in older people. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the association between air pollution and physical...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： de Zwart F,Brunekreef B,Timmermans E,Deeg D,Gehring U

更新日期：2018-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:All cells contain elaborate systems for the spatial and temporal regulation of the calcium ion, [Ca2+]i, and diverse Ca2+ receptor and biochemical response systems that are regulated by these changes in [Ca2+]i. Toxicants that perturb the mobilization or homeostasis of [Ca2+]i will place the regulation of these proces...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Pounds JG

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) from vehicle exhaust has been related to risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and cancer, even though exposure assessment is difficult. We studied personal exposure in terms of number concentrations of UFPs in the breathing zone, using portable instruments in six 18-hr pe...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Vinzents PS,Møller P,Sørensen M,Knudsen LE,Hertel O,Jensen FP,Schibye B,Loft S

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of a large pilot investigation of multimedia exposure to several classes of environmental contaminants, the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)-Maryland study, we collected 388 semiquantitative food checklists and duplicate diet solid food samples, analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and le...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Ryan PB,Scanlon KA,MacIntosh DL

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood and its prevalence is increasing, causing much concern for identification of risk factors such as air pollution. We previously conducted a study showing a relationship between asthma visits in all persons < 65 years of age to emergency departments (EDs) and air po...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Norris G,YoungPong SN,Koenig JQ,Larson TV,Sheppard L,Stout JW

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been consistently associated with preterm birth (PTB) to varying degrees, but roles of PM2.5 species have been less studied. OBJECTIVE:We estimated risk differences (RD) of PTB (reported per 106 pregnancies) associated with change in ambient co...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Rappazzo KM,Daniels JL,Messer LC,Poole C,Lobdell DT

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dose-response relationship of the benzene covalent interaction with biological macromolecules from rat organs was studied. The administered dose range was 3.6 x 10(7) starting from the highest dosage employed, 486 mg/kg, which is oncogenic for rodents, and included low and very low dosages. The present study was i...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Mazzullo M,Bartoli S,Bonora B,Colacci A,Grilli S,Lattanzi G,Niero A,Turina MP,Parodi S

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk assessment is a process often divided into the following steps: a) hazard identification, b) dose-response assessment, c) exposure assessment, and d) risk characterization. Regulatory toxicity studies usually are aimed at providing data for the first two steps. Human case reports, environmental research, and in v...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Harry GJ,Billingsley M,Bruinink A,Campbell IL,Classen W,Dorman DC,Galli C,Ray D,Smith RA,Tilson HA

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The biological mechanisms involved in inflammatory response to air pollution are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE:In this study we assessed the association of short-term air pollutant exposure with inflammatory markers and lung function. METHODS:We studied a cohort of 158 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic sch...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Barraza-Villarreal A,Sunyer J,Hernandez-Cadena L,Escamilla-Nuñez MC,Sienra-Monge JJ,Ramírez-Aguilar M,Cortez-Lugo M,Holguin F,Diaz-Sánchez D,Olin AC,Romieu I

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence l...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Parshkov EM,Chebotareva IV,Sokolov VA,Dallas CE

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen; therefore, these plant chemicals are thought to be capable of modifying the estrogen leve...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Kao YC,Zhou C,Sherman M,Laughton CA,Chen S

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial and temporal regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ serves as a modulator of signal transduction pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. Thus, interference of metals with intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been considered as a target of toxic action. We used the fluorescence indicator fura-2 t...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Hechtenberg S,Beyersmann D

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent investigations have demonstrated the ability of leukocytes to metabolize promutagens or procarcinogens into their genotoxic forms. As a possible explanation for the association between inflammation and cancer, we and others have hypothesized that local accumulations of leukocytes could take up nearby promutagen...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Isola VJ,Hartman TC,Trumble SJ,Ruzek MC,Gentile JM

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current research indicates a role for several oncogenes in radiation-induced carcinogenesis in vivo and cell transformation in vitro. Certain oncogenes are probably also involved in some cases of human cancer caused by exposure to nonionizing radiation and may play a mechanistic role in the phenomenon of radioresistan...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Garte SJ,Burns FJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are encoded by a multigene family in man. We have isolated those genes and analyzed the structure of some of them. The MT-II variant is encoded by a single functional gene: MT-IIA. The MT-IIB gene is a processed pseudogene derived from a reverse transcript of MT-II mRNA. On the other hand, the M...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Karin M,Richards RI

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In August 1997 we performed a follow-up survey of 146 lead-poisoned children from a community near a previously active auto battery recycling smelter in Haina near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Our follow-up survey confirmed a severe incidence of elevated blood lead (BPb) and erythrocyte protoporphyrin/zinc proto...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Kaul B,Sandhu RS,Depratt C,Reyes F

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to identify mental, behavioral, and cognitive disorders that may be triggered or exacerbated during heat waves, predisposing individuals to heat-related morbidity and mortality. DESIGN:Using health outcome data from Adelaide, South Australia, for 1993-2006, we estimated the effect ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Hansen A,Bi P,Nitschke M,Ryan P,Pisaniello D,Tucker G

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in Portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. The assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. The annual heat-related death r...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Casimiro E,Calheiros J,Santos FD,Kovats S

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grafting experiments show that the enhanced sensitivity of the SENCAR mouse to skin carcinogenesis by initiation and promotion is a property of the skin itself, suggesting the usefulness of in vitro studies to elucidate the mechanism. Such studies have indicated that cultured epidermal cells of SENCAR mice and the res...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Strickland JE,Allen PT,Sauder DN,Kawamura H,Fong MC,Yuspa SH

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Along the Texas-Mexico border, the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) among Mexican-American women doubled during 1990-1991. The human outbreak began during the same crop year as epizootics attributed to exposure to fumonisin, a mycotoxin that often contaminates corn. Because Mexican Americans in Texas consume l...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Missmer SA,Suarez L,Felkner M,Wang E,Merrill AH Jr,Rothman KJ,Hendricks KA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A growing body of evidence indicates a relationship between household indoor air pollution from cooking fires and adverse neonatal outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW), in resource-poor countries. OBJECTIVE:We examined the effect of reduced wood smoke exposure in pregnancy on LBW of Guatemalan infants i...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Thompson LM,Bruce N,Eskenazi B,Diaz A,Pope D,Smith KR

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the investigation is to study whether an increased mortality from certain causes exists in an area around the Rönnskärsverken smelter works in northern Sweden. Founded in 1928, this metallurgical plant processing mainly nonferrous metals has since its initial operations been using ore with a high arseni...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Pershagen G,Elinder CG,Bolander AM

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00