Abstract:
:In situ hybridization techniques have been developed that quantitate the relative levels of specific mRNAs in individual cell types of a heterogeneous tissue, the mammalian brain. Here, we discuss those special procedures and precautions necessary for hybridizing radiolabeled probes to developing and adult brain mRNAs. The probes discussed include double-stranded recombinant DNA, as well as single-stranded DNA, RNA, and polyuridylate. We detail the procedure for determining the relative numbers of hybrids formed and computing the ratio of specific mRNAs to total polyadenylated mRNA and discuss the importance of this ratio for comparison of relative levels of specific mRNAs within and among cell types in an individual brain or between brains.
journal_name
Peptidesjournal_title
Peptidesauthors
Griffin WS,Morrison MRdoi
10.1016/0196-9781(85)90139-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
89-96eissn
0196-9781issn
1873-5169journal_volume
6 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PEPTIDES文献大全abstract::This review is part of a special issue dedicated to Opioid addiction, and examines the influential role of opioid peptides, opioid receptors and opiate drugs in mediating food intake and body weight control in rodents. This review postulates that opioid mediation of food intake was an example of "positive addictive" p...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.04.008
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the contribution of the N-terminal sequence of h-EGF to its biological activity and the formation of three intramolecular disulfide bonds by oxidative refolding via air oxidation, five derivatives of h-EGF with a single N-terminal amino acid deletion were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The homoge...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)00181-2
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herein the effect of orexin receptor type-1 antagonist SB-334867 on the development of tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine was studied in rats. To incite tolerance, morphine sulfate was injected intraperitoneally (i.p., 10mg/kg) once a day for 7 days. The tail flick test was used to evaluate antinociceptive eff...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.02.023
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 10 years, saliva has been increasingly used as a diagnostic fluid and in predictions of disease progression. Leptin and ghrelin are synthesized in several tissues including the salivary glands. The action of ghrelin is antagonistic to that of leptin. This study was undertaken to measure and compare the sal...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.008
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of CCK-8s and desulfated CCK-8 at concentrations ranging from 10(-14) to 10(-6) M were studied in vitro on several functions of human peripheral neutrophils: adherence to substrate, mobility (spontaneous and directed by a chemical gradient or chemotaxis), ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) or cells...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00338-5
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of the hypothalamic beta-endorphinergic system in behavioral processes has previously been studied in adult rats. In the present report, we studied the effects of undernutrition and of inhibitory avoidance training on the hypothalamic beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity of 21-day-old and adult rats. R...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90117-9
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mammalian brain-gut peptides are known to be represented in invertebrate nervous systems; we have now examined the possibility that an invertebrate neuropeptide occurs in vertebrates. Antisera were raised in rabbits to the molluscan neuropeptide. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). The antiserum used for radioimmuno...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(81)90005-x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several cardioactive peptides from the pulmonate snail Helix aspersa were tested for their effects on myocardial cAMP levels, but only the family of small cardioactive peptides (SCPs) were clearly effective. SCP increased cAMP in a dose dependent manner; the time course was phasic. The structure-activity relations of ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00335-x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin has recently been discussed as a novel biomarker for the clinical outcome of critical illness. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of leptin with regard to long-term clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. In 50 healthy controls and 92 patients with acute spontaneous basal g...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.010
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leucosulfakinins (LSKs), isolated from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, are sulfated neuropeptides with homology to gastrin and cholecystokinin. The undecapeptide LSK and decapeptide LSK-II stimulate contractions of the isolated cockroach hindgut. Several structural aspects of the two gastrin/CCK...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90237-9
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report reviews the hypothesis that peptides play a role in appetite modulation, stressing that the available evidence is predominantly pharmacological and thus caution needs to be taken in assigning physiological significance at this time. Two peptide systems have been postulated--a peripheral satiety system, typ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90153-6
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The melanocortin system has been implicated in a multitude of physiological pathways including obesity, satiety, energy homeostasis, sexual behavior, pigmentation, sodium regulation, hypertension, and many others. Based upon studies of the endogenous melanocortin receptor agonists at the cloned human melanocortin rece...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.025
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data suggests that neurons expressing the long form of the leptin receptor form at least two distinct groups within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS): a group within the lateral NTS (Slt) and one within the medial (Sm) and gelantinosa (Sg) NTS. Discrete injections of leptin into Sm and Sg, a region...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.021
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of our study was to explore the effect of social isolation stress of varying durations on the plasma oxytocin (OT), messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for oxytocin receptor (OTR), plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and mRNA for V1a receptor of AVP (V1aR) expression in the hypothalamus and heart of socially mono...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.02.007
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The melanocortin system plays an important role in energy homeostasis as well as skin pigmentation, steroidogenesis and exocrine gland function. In this study, we examined eight Ac-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides that were modified at the Phe position and pharmacologically characterized their activities at the hum...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.04.012
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of spinal opioid receptors and spinal monoaminergic systems, in the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal (IT) salmon calcitonin, has been evaluated by means of the hot plate test, in the rat. Intrathecal pretreatment with 40 micrograms MR 1452 and 40 micrograms ICI 154,129, purported selective antagon...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90385-7
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic peptide that plays a critical role in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the potential role of dense hippocampal MCH innervation in the spatially oriented food-seeking component of feeding behavior. Rats were trained...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.12.007
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amylin can evoke insulin resistance by antagonizing insulin in a non-competitive manner. Here, we investigated the glycogenolytic effect of amylin in isolated skeletal muscle and compared it to the effects of a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Amylin alone had no statistically significant effect on glucose tran...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.08.016
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urocortin (Ucn) 1, 2 and 3 are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides recently characterized in mammals. Urocortin 1 binds with high affinity to CRF type 1 (CRF1) and type 2 (CRF2) receptors while Ucn 2 and Ucn 3 are selective CRF2 ligands. They also have a distinct pattern of distribution, both in the ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.025
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insect kinin neuropeptides have been implicated in the regulation of water balance, digestive organ contraction, and energy mobilization in a number of insect species. A previous solution conformation study of an active, restricted-conformation cyclic analog, identified two possible turn conformations as the likel...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00651-9
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GPR103 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, which plays a role in several physiological functions. However, the role of the GPR103 receptor in anxiety has not been clarified. The first aim of our study was to elucidate the involvement of the GPR103 receptor in anxious behavior. Mice were treated with peptide ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.004
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The UII and urotensin II-related peptide (URP) genes belong to the same superfamily as the somatostatin gene. It has been previously shown that somatostatin activates the UII-receptor (UTR). In contrast, the possible interaction between UII and URP and somatostatin receptors has remained scarcely analyzed. Herein, we ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.015
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial peptides produced by multicellular organisms protect against pathogenic microorganisms, whereas such peptides produced by bacteria provide an ecological advantage over competitors. Certain antimicrobial peptides of metazoan origin are also toxic to eukaryotic cells, with preference for a variety of cance...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.010
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently characterized bicarinalin as the most abundant peptide from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum. This antimicrobial peptide is active against Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae. To further investigate the antimicrobial properties of this cationic and cysteine-free peptide, we have studied ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro interaction between five polycationic peptides, buforin II, cecropin P1, indolicidin, magainin II, and ranalexin, and several clinically used antimicrobial agents was evaluated against several clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, using the microbroth dilution method. The ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00254-0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degradation of Boc CCK7 (Boc Tyr1 (SO3H)-Met2-Gly3-Trp4-Met5-Asp6-Phe7-NH2), a fully active analog of CCK8, by purified rabbit kidney neutral metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase) was studied as a basis for the rational design of potent peptidases-resistant analogs of cholecystokinin. Characterization of the metabolite...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90116-0
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholecystokinin octapeptides (CCK8s) have been purified from methanol extracts of two brains from each of two Australian marsupials, Tammar Wallaby and Eastern Quoll, containing 3 nmol and 2 nmol of the peptides, respectively. Immunoreactive CCK was concentrated on QMA SepPak cartridges and purified by two successive ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(88)90280-x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endomorphin1-ol (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-ol, EM1-ol) and endomorphin2-ol (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-ol, EM2-ol), with C-terminal alcohol (-ol) containing, have been shown to exhibit higher affinity and lower intrinsic efficacy in vitro than endomorphins. In the present study, in order to investigate the alterations of systemic hemodyna...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::[125I]beta-endorphin bound to high affinity (Kd = 0.25 nM) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial medulla of rats with a Bmax of 97 fmol/mg protein. The relative potency for displacement of [125I]beta-endorphin binding was: beta-endorphin(1-31) > beta-endorphin(1-27) > DAMGO > naloxone > N-acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-31) > U...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00024-2
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urotensin-II (U-II), a cyclic peptide widely expressed in blood vessels, has diverse vascular actions that range from potent vasoconstriction to vasodilation. Although, U-II-induced vasodilation has been shown to be partially dependent on nitric oxide (NO), the involvement of vascular adventitia-derived NO, remains un...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.07.006
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00