Abstract:
:The ultrastructure of optic nerve axons was examined in several mammals (human, cat, rat, sheep, ox, pig, guinea pig, rabbit). Human material was obtained from normotensive, glaucoma-free eyes and from eyes with a history of glaucoma and raised intra-ocular pressure (IOP). We describe accumulations of organelles (principally mitochondria) in optic nerve axons where they traverse the lamina cribrosa. Accumulations were most prominent in unmyelinated lengths of axons close to lamellae of the lamina cribrosa. Comparable accumulations were not apparent in axons in the retina or optic nerve, suggesting that axoplasmic flow is constricted at the lamina cribrosa. Accumulations were observed both centrally and peripherally to the lamellae, suggesting that flow is constricted in both ortho- and anterograde directions. Accumulations of organelles were more marked in unmyelinated axons than in adjacent, myelinated axons. In the rabbit, in which most axons are myelinated as they traverse the optic nerve head, organelle accumulations were observed only in a sparse population of unmyelinated axons. In human eyes with a history of raised IOP and glaucoma, the accumulations were abnormally large and frequent and in many axons showed dense-body and fibrillar changes not seen in normotensive eyes. It is suggested that chronic, partial constriction of axoplasmic flow is present at the lamina cribrosa of normotensive eyes in a wide range of mammals, including humans, that the constriction results from the pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa and that the constriction may be a factor in the many cases of primary glaucoma in which IOP is not raised.
journal_name
Ophthalmic Resjournal_title
Ophthalmic researchauthors
Holländer H,Makarov F,Stefani FH,Stone Jdoi
10.1159/000267739subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
296-309issue
5eissn
0030-3747issn
1423-0259journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:In this study, we used a rat model of retinal detachment (RD) to investigate the effects of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) on photoreceptor cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:An RD model was established by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate, and mucolipin synthetic agonist...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000512104
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) permits examination of sections much thicker (up to 1 micron) than those usually used in transmission electron microscopy, which are approximately 70 nm in thickness. Two examples of the utility of the HVEM in research on the ultrastructure of the retinal pigment epithelium ...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265457
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topcon Tokyo manufactured the first series of SL-45 in 1980 and a second in 1982/83, which were completed in Bonn with all technical improvements developed so far. In 1987, the SL-45B was manufactured which included all previously added improvements. To compare both camera types, we carried out a test with 10 voluntee...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000267057
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the natural variability in the diameter of small collagen fibrils in the lamellae of corneal stroma of healthy young rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The corneas of 6 young adult female New Zealand White rabbits (2.1 kg) were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by fixation with a cacody...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000096228
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myopia has become a worldwide public health issue, which is occurring at a younger age, leading to an increased risk of high myopia. Ocular complications associated with high myopia can lead to irreversible vision loss. It is urgent and critical to explore effective treatment to slow or even stop the progres...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: meta分析
doi:10.1159/000510779
更新日期:2020-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of a new technique for the implantation of ultrathin substrates containing stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into the subretinal space of retina-degenerate Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats. METHODS:A platform device was used for the implantation of 4-µm-t...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000338749
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related lens opacity is the major cause of loss of vision affecting more than half of the world's blind. The development of cataract is associated with changes in the structure of the lens. The lens consists largely of closely packed fibre cells forming a transparent syncytium. The main intrinsic polypeptide (MIP)...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000267974
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small RNA (microRNA or miRNA) is a kind of small noncoding single-stranded RNA that regulates complementary mRNA at the posttranscriptional level in eukaryotic organisms. As important regulatory factors, miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of glaucoma and widely participate in regulating bi...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000450957
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two out of three normal eyes tested with frequent instillation of 30 microliters of drops of 0.5% bupranolol, a beta 1 + beta 2 blocking drug with some intrinsic sympathomimetic and local anesthetic activity, showed a miotic effect of the order of a 25% reduction of pupil area, as estimated by an open-loop iris-videor...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265407
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the mode of riboflavin metabolism in the lens in vivo, the uptake of 14C-labeled riboflavin and synthesis of ester forms from 14C-riboflavin were assayed in the single whole lens of the rats. 14C-riboflavin uptake increased in proportion to the substrate concentration in the incubation medium, reaching a plat...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265249
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the corneal button of primary penetrating keratoplasty of patients diagnosed with congenital aniridia. The study took place at the Instituto Universitario Barraquer and the Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with congenital aniridia was carried out...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000444930
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The possibility of providing cultured corneal endothelial cells (CECs) for clinical transplantation has gained much attention. However, the worldwide need for human (h) donor corneas far exceeds supply. The pig (p) might provide an alternative source. The aim of this study was to compare the proliferative capac...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000342978
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the process of terminal differentiation, the fibre cells in the eye lens undergo many changes that are reminiscent of apoptotic/necrotic changes. Mitochondria, for instance, undergo permeability transition and nuclear degradation is accompanied by chromatin condensation, disintegration of the nucleolus, dissolu...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000055530
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate whether allogeneic limbal mesenchymal stem cell (LMSC) therapy affects corneal healing after a severe chemical burn and whether the route of administration of LMSCs differs in its therapeutic effect in this respect. METHODS:A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats with clinically proven alkali injury were...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000368659
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific activities of the four investigated enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism decrease with ageing. In the old tissue, phosphoglyceratemutase and enolase sustain changes in their molecular weight, and their substrate affinity is modified. ...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265275
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the conditions under which anesthetized pigs can be used in acute noninvasive investigations of ocular hydro- and hemodynamics, the intraocular pressure (IOP) of adult pigs was recorded under the following conditions: (1) after intravenous injection of propofol plus ketamine; (2) during inhalation of isof...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000317060
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000493488
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodocumented measurements of the lens thickness using an EAS-1000 Scheimpflug camera were performed in 261 cataract eyes (162 pure type) compared with 52 control eyes. The lens thickness in normal eyes usually increased with age by 0.015 mm annually. The cataractous lens, especially in the anterior subcapsular type...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000267205
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aqueous humors of 100 freshly enucleated rabbit eyes were assessed within 10 min postmortem by taking samples in the last stage of corneal dissection following the Dikstein-Maurice procedure. Aqueous levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) averaged 58.2 +/- 8.5 mm Hg to give calculated tCO2 and bicarbo...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000267269
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlation proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on light- and dark-adapted rabbit retinas to elucidate real-time hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. Light significantly stimulated retinal HMPS initially, which consumed 17% more glucose than that in dark-adapted retinas. The glucose con...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265511
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The topographic distribution of enzyme activities in normal rat lenses and their changes occurring during naphthalene cataract development were investigated. Cataract formation was documented by slit images according to the Scheimpflug principle. Before the onset of visible changes and after the development of early v...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000267150
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catalase activity was evaluated in Long Evans rat retina after ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by ligation of the optic nerve and vessels. Rats were sacrificed after 15 and 120 min of reperfusion, respectively. Catalase activity was assessed by Claiborne's method and was expressed as U/mg of protein. In...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265219
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the binding of peanut-agglutinin (PNA) on porcine corneal tissue, several methods of tissue processing were used. In cryostat sections of postmortem tissue, PNA labeling of epithelial cell membranes was detected. In the stroma, a fibrillar structure parallel to the corneal surface was found. The anterio...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000266748
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession (BLR) to treat recurrent exotropia after bilateral medial rectus muscle resection (BMR). METHODS:Twenty-four patients who underwent BLR for recurrent exotropia and were followed up for more than 6 months were included in this retrospective s...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000494560
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) on the outcome of antiangiogenic treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS:Ninety-nine eyes of 83 patients were used in our cohort study. We prospectively evaluated best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal ...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000459626
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistically significant differences were found to exist in the frequencies of abnormal cell types in cultured lenses depending on the composition of the nutrient media (Eagle's and Dulbecco's modified essential medium with fetal calf serum FCS) they were cultured on. Abnormal cell growth (epithelioid, fibroblast-lik...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000266786
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces gene expression that leads to skin cancer. Among the transcription factors induced by UVB radiation exposure, the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is significant. Since several factors downstream of CREB signaling are known to be involved in pterygium pathoge...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000347124
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine retinopathy was produced experimentally in the eye of the albino corydoras (one of the tropical fish) by daily administration of chloroquine (0.1 mg per os). The enucleated eyes were examined from the 14th day to 3 months after the beginning of drug administration under light and electron microscopy. The f...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265429
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dragomirescu et al. [1983] described a 2-chamber flow system for the incubation of lenses with an inserted photometer to measure changes in lens transparency. Mester et al. [1984] applied the method to simulate conditions occurring during vitrectomy, which occasionally leads to reversible lens opacification. Using Sch...
journal_title:Ophthalmic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000265357
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00