Abstract:
:The basic 30-nm chromatin fiber in the mammalian cell consists of an unknown (possibly helical) arrangement of nucleosomes, with about 1.2 kb of DNA per 10-nm length of fiber. Track-structure considerations suggest that interactions of single delta rays or high-LET particles with the chromatin fiber might result in the formation of multiple lesions spread over a few kilobases of DNA (see the accompanying paper: W.R. Holley and A. Chatterjee, Radiat. Res. 145, 188-199, 1996). In particular, multiple DNA double-strand breaks and single-strand breaks may form. To test this experimentally, primary human fibroblasts were labeled with [3H]thymidine and exposed at 0 degrees C to X rays or accelerated nitrogen or iron ions in the LET range of 97-440 keV/microns. DNA was isolated inside agarose plugs and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis under conditions that allowed good separation of 0.1-2 kb size DNA. The bulk of DNA remained in the well or migrated only a small distance into the gel. It was found that DNA fragments in the expected size range were formed linearly with dose with an efficiency that increased with LET. A comparison of the yield of such fragments with the yield of total DNA double-strand breaks suggests that for the high-LET ions a substantial proportion (20-90%) of DNA double-strand breaks are accompanied within 0.1-2 kb by at least one additional DNA double-strand break. It is shown that these results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on treating the 30-nm chromatin fiber as the target for ionizing particles. Theoretical considerations also predict that the clusters will contain numerous single-strand breaks and base damages. It is proposed that such clusters be designated "regionally multiply damaged sites." Postirradiation incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in a decline in the number of short DNA fragments, suggesting a repair activity. The biological significance of regionally multiply damaged sites is presently unknown.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Rydberg Bsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
200-9issue
2eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章abstract::These experiments were designed to study the kinetics and magnitude of cell repair and repopulation in tissues whose damage results in the tumor bed effect. The right hind thighs of mice were irradiated with single doses or two equal gamma-ray fractions. Interfraction intervals ranging from 30 min to 24 h (to measure ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a new detection method for measuring distributions of energy depositions from particles characterized by low linear energy transfers (LETs). In particular, we have developed a detection system to measure energy depositions produced by electrons and photons on nanometer scales. The detector is based u...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate radiation damage and/or protect first responders is a compelling unmet medical need. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog, 16,16 dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2), has shown efficacy as a radioprotectant and radiomitigator that can enhance hematopoiesis and ameliorate int...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RADE-20-00181.1
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma radiolysis were used to study the effects of ionizing radiations on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Hydroxyl radicals are considerably more effective than hydrated electrons in causing loss of enzymatic activity. Evidence is also presented that the free radical anions (SCN)-.2,...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal models of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndromes (ARS) have been characterized to develop medical countermeasures. Acute radiation-induced decrease of intestinal absorptive function has been correlated to a decrease in the number of intestinal crypt cells resulting from apoptosis and enter...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14305.1
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immortalized keratinocytes were exposed to a range of single or fractionated doses of gamma rays from (60)Co, to medium harvested from donor cells exposed to these protocols, or to a combination of radiation and irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM). The surviving fractions after direct irradiation or exposu...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0626:badeaf]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male rabbits were exposed to a single irradiation dose of 1000-5000 rad when 12, 15, 16, and 17 months old and were killed when 18 months old (i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after irradiation). Even after this long interval after irradiation, abdominal aortic prostacyclin formation was significantly depressed, whereas th...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bcl-X(S) is a pro-apoptosis member of the Bcl2 family that has been shown to induce cell death and enhance chemosensitivity. We have investigated the effect of Bcl-X(S) overexpression on radiation sensitivity. Using a tetracycline-repressible system, we found that removal of tetracycline for 16 h induced Bcl-X(S) and ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr3169
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical and structural modifications in multilayer liposomes of synthetic phosphatidylcholine induced by gamma irradiation are investigated with different techniques. Fluorescence anisotropy of the DPH probe and differential scanning calorimetry reveal a broadening of the main lipid transition and the disappearance o...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the methylxanthine, caffeine, on heat sensitization was investigated using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Caffeine sensitized CHO cells to heat killing by reducing both the shoulder and the slope of the 44 degrees C survival curve. Heating was performed in suspension by addition of cells to preheate...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) is in its 50th year of operation. It was commissioned on April 1, 1967 as a collaboration between the Radiological Research Laboratory (RRL) of Columbia University, and members of the Medical Research Center of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It was initiall...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR002CC.1
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a high risk of recurrence and death. Here, we present a novel strategy to enhance the radiotherapy of TNBC by combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with pentamidine, a clinically approved anti-parasitic agent with anti-cancer properties. The radiosensit...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14315.1
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells that have been grown as multicell tumor spheroids exhibit radioresistance compared to the same cells grown in monolayers. Comparison of potentially lethal damage (PLD) repair and its kinetics was made between 9L cells grown as spheroids and confluent monolayers. Survival curves of cells plated immediately after ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the decade after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, several large cohorts of survivors were organized for studies of radiation health effects. The U.S. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and its U.S./Japan successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), have performed continuous studies since ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1667/RR3546.1
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To compare the genotoxic effects of high-LET ionizing radiation to those of low-LET radiation, we investigated the responses of human lymphoblastoid cells to DNA damage TK6 after treatment with either low-LET X rays or high-LET iron ions (1000 keV/microm). A highly localized distribution of gammaH2AX/RAD51 foci was ob...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0678:dccpih]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monohydroxylated fatty acid content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 23 cleanup workers and 16 unexposed individuals was studied in relation to their immune status after the Chernobyl accident. Men with absorbed doses below 0.32 Gy showed higher levels of free and esterified 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic ac...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0476:mfacip]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analytical expression is developed for calculating the average energy deposited by an ion in a volume with dimensions less than the range of the secondary electrons produced. The expression is obtained by including two additional terms in an energy-restricted linear-energy-transfer equation. The usual energy-restri...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the characteristics of accelerator-based thermal neutron fields is recognized as an important issue when discussing the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this study, we propose that the radiation chemical yield (G value) of hydroxyl radicals (Goh•) can be considered a universal pa...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR15318.1
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with X rays generated at a tube voltage of 29 kV was examined to assess the maximum low-dose RBE (RBE(M)) relative to higher-energy X rays or 60Co gamma rays. Since blood was taken from the same male donor whose blood had been used for pr...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0771:teokxr]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate assessment of risks of long-term space missions is critical for human space exploration. It is essential to have a detailed understanding of the biological effects on humans living and working in deep space. Ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is a major health risk factor for astronauts on ext...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR15062.1
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This laboratory previously demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen and hyperbaric carbogen improved oxygenation in the R3230Ac tumor, but normobaric 100% O2 and carbogen did not. The current study assessed tumor growth after exposure to radiation plus either hyperbaric oxygen, carbogen or carbogen/nicotinamide and the rel...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated whether tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), a potent wound-healing agent, promotes recovery of hematopoietic tissue of mice depleted by sublethal X irradiation. Mice were exposed to 3 Gy total-body irradiation and were given 1 ml/kg TCDO intravenously daily from day 1 to 5 or day 4 to 8 after irradiat...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the function of the reticuloendothelial system and macrophage-monocyte system, blood samples from Thorotrast patients and age-matched healthy controls were used to determine the titer of plasma antibodies to lipid A and the numbers of several lymphocyte subclasses in peripheral blood and for an autoradiogr...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of low levels of oxygen may have profound effects on the cytotoxic activity of radiation, radiosensitizers, and bioreductive alkylating agents. As others have shown, low oxygen tensions may significantly alter rates of cellular and chemical oxygen consumption. When experiments are performed at very low ox...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the role of cysteine as an intracellular radiation protector under conditions in which both oxygen and thiols were monitored at 37 degrees C. In HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, the intracellular cysteine content affects the radiation survival dramatically at intermediate oxygen levels, but not at zero or ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0388:tkmfro]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lung tolerance in mice after single and fractionated irradiations with p(45)+Be and p(65)+Be neutrons produced at the isochronous cyclotron "CYCLONE" of Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) was studied. Cobalt-60 gamma rays were used for control irradiations. The end point was the dose which was lethal to 50% of the mice by...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through a detailed study of cell cycle progression, protein expression, and kinase activity in gamma-irradiated synchronized cultures of human skin fibroblasts, distinct mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of G2-phase and subsequent G1-phase arrests have been elucidated. Normal and E6-expressing fibroblasts were ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0072:cotmoi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse shows two kinds of phenotypic abnormalities, a high radiosensitivity and an abnormal immunoglobulin gene recombination. A genetic study has revealed that a mutation exists in chromosome 16. However, several attempts to isolate the gene responsible for these phenotypes...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proton exposure induces mutations and cancer, which are presumably linked. Because protons are abundant in the space environment and significant uncertainties exist for the effects of space travel on human health, the purpose of this study was to identify the types of mutations induced by exposure of mammalian cells t...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3174.1
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00