Abstract:
:Food deprivation and restriction increase the rewarding potency of food, drugs of abuse, and electrical brain stimulation. Based on evidence that the rewarding effects of these stimuli are mediated by the same neuronal circuitry, lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) was used to investigate the involvement of various metabolic signals in the sensitization of reward. In Experiment 1, glucoprivation with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and lipoprivation with nicotinic acid (150 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)), individually and in combination, failed to affect the LHSS threshold in ad lib.-fed rats. These results suggest that signals associated with acute shortage of metabolic substrate do not sensitize reward. Because numerous responses to more prolonged negative energy balance are mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY), the effect of exogenous neuropeptide Y upon LHSS was investigated in Experiment 2. Intraventricular infusion of orexigenic neuropeptide Y doses (2.0, 5.0, and 12.5 g), in ad lib.-fed rats, had no effect on LHSS threshold. In Experiment 3, other concomitants of prolonged negative energy balance--high circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (HDB)-were investigated. Nicotinic acid (250 mg/kg, s.c.), which suppressed serum HDB and FFA levels, had no effect on LHSS in food-restricted or ad lib.-fed rats. Mercaptoacetate (68.4 mg/kg, i.p.), which suppressed serum HDB levels and exacerbated the elevation of FFA levels, also had no effect. Thus, the brain reward system, if modulated by these substances, is not affected by transient, though marked, changes in their levels. To investigate the effect of a sustained increase in levels of FFA and HDB, a "ketogenic" diet was employed. Although this diet produced a fourfold increase in serum HDB levels, it had no effect on LHSS thresholds. Moreover, the failure of mercaptoacetate (68.4 mg/kg, i.p.) to decrease LHSS thresholds in these rats supports the conclusion that acute shortage of metabolic substrate does not sensitize reward. Other possible mechanisms of reward sensitization, including sustained decreases in circulating insulin and leptin and increases in corticosterone, are discussed.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Cabeza De Vaca S,Holiman S,Carr KDdoi
10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00050-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
251-60issue
3eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(98)00050-Xjournal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Current models hold that peripheral and CNS GLP-1 signaling operate as distinct systems whereby CNS GLP-1 regulates food intake and circulating GLP-1 regulates glucose homeostasis. There is accumulating evidence that the arcuate nucleus, an area of the CNS that regulates energy homeostasis, responds to hormones and nu...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.018
更新日期:2008-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Rats are nocturnal feeders. The present results show that when either the cost of procuring a meal or the cost of consuming it increases differentially in the dark relative to the light, rats shift their feeding activity to the light phase of the light/dark cycle. These results suggest that some of the same factors th...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90081-1
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present work the existence of sex differences (Experiment 1) on the acquisition and extinction of a continuously reinforced response in a short and narrow runway (100 x 9 x 10 cm) were investigated. In addition to the investigation of the basic sex differences in Experiment 1, the effect of postpuberal gonadect...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90230-l
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.12.017
更新日期:2007-04-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90094-6
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Play fighting is a behavior exhibited by juveniles of many mammalian species, but the neurology of this behavior is poorly understood. In the present study lesions of the septal area or control operations were performed in rats at 23 days of age and social play was studied between the ages of 27-41 days of age. Septal...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90046-4
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.12.003
更新日期:2014-03-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.032
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.028
更新日期:2006-08-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00554-6
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.029
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90456-7
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90021-f
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00270-9
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00006-5
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize learning/memory profiles for the first time in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock, and to examine whether these are associated with anxiety, we evaluated NIH-HS rats for spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and in the following anxiety/fear tests: the elevated zero-maze (Z...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.003
更新日期:2015-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(85)90154-4
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical and chemical stimulation of specific parts of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) and the adjacent hypothalamus induce self-grooming responses in the rat. The function of this hypothalamic grooming area (HGA) is not understood. The localization of the HGA in the hypothalamus suggests that grooming, a beh...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.009
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.023
更新日期:2005-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Freshly cooked chicken broth was prepared with several concentrations (0.06-0.32 M) of added NaCl. In the first study, subjects were presented with pairs of samples, each having the same concentration of NaCl (salt) but one of which contained 0.01 M monosodium glutamate (MSG). The subjects preferred the sample with ad...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00160-7
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous behavior patterns were assessed in eight different behavioral situations in two lines of mice, BR and BS, previously selected for their sensitivity to an anxiogenic benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor inverse agonist, Methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM). BR is highly resistant, and BS, highly sensitive...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00383-8
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged consumption of ketogenic diets (KD) has reported neuroprotective benefits. Several studies suggest KD interventions could be useful in the management of neurological and developmental disorders. Alterations in the Engrailed (En) genes, specifically Engrailed 2 (En2), have neurodevelopmental consequences and ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that several amino acids, such as arginine, are potent stimuli for insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas. Recently, vagal arginine sensors, which modulate arginine-induced pancreatic hormone secretion, have been reported to exist in the liver. The present investigation was designed to evalu...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00390-4
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.008
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses of 4-8 Hz electrical activity (RSA) of the mid-ventral hippocampus, motor activity (M), and blood pressure were carried out during experiments in which three monkeys were operantly conditioned to slow heart rate (HR), to speed HR or during control, no feedback (FB) periods. The results showed that RSA activit...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90047-6
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexually experienced male rats were injected IP with 0, 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg cadmium chloride. The highest dose was fatal within 48 h of injection. A dose-related deficit in erectile function was observed in ex copula tests 48 h after injection. Copulatory dysfunction was evident in mating tests 72 h after inje...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90332-8
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensins, especially angiotensin IV (Ang IV), have recently been found to be potent cognitive enhancers in rodents. However, the precise mechanisms of their memory improving effects remain unknown. In this study we tested the hypothesis that D2 dopamine receptors at least partially mediate cognitive effects of Ang...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.03.025
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00