A typical working-day breakfast among children, adolescents and adults belonging to the middle and upper socio-economic classes in Mumbai, India - challenges and implications for dietary change.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:Breakfast has been linked to several aspects of health, yet breakfast skipping is rampant across the globe. Studies in India have focused mostly on children. Hence the present study examined breakfast behaviour across different age and gender groups. DESIGN:Cross-sectional sample, purposive sampling. Nutrient intakes of the participants derived from 24 h dietary recall and 3 d breakfast record data were compared with RDA values prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research using Student's t test, with P < 0·05 taken to indicate significance. SETTING:Mumbai, India. SUBJECTS:Participants (n 1027) aged 8 years and above. RESULTS:Nutritional adequacy of the breakfast meal and that of the day's diet were the main outcome measures. Eighty-one per cent of the participants had a nutritionally inadequate breakfast. Intakes of Fe and dietary fibre were notably low. Consumption of just milk or milk plus a milk food-based drink among schoolchildren (49 %) and increased breakfast skipping among adolescents (37 %) were seen. CONCLUSIONS:The study identifies both irregularities and/or nutritional inadequacies with respect to the breakfast meal. Age- and gender-specific challenges in breakfast behaviour need to be addressed. Development of 'nutrient-dense' breakfast foods that can be prepared easily, school breakfast programmes and education on the importance of breakfast are the needs of the hour.

journal_name

Public Health Nutr

journal_title

Public health nutrition

authors

Sivaramakrishnan M,Kamath V

doi

10.1017/S1368980012002777

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-11-01 00:00:00

pages

2040-6

issue

11

eissn

1368-9800

issn

1475-2727

pii

S1368980012002777

journal_volume

15

pub_type

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