Salmonella's long-term relationship with its host.

abstract：:In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Caljon G,De Muylder G,Durnez L,Jennes W,Vanaerschot M,Dujardin JC

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Morgenstein RM,Szostek B,Rather PN

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review concerns the issues involved in the industrial development of fed-batch culture processes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing heterologous proteins. Most of process development considerations with fed-batch recombinant cultures are linked to the reliability and reproducibility of the process fo...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mendoza-Vega O,Sabatié J,Brown SW

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal mycelial by-products from fermentation industries present a considerable affinity for soluble metal ions (e.g. Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ag) and could be used in biosorption processes for purification of contaminated effluents. In this work the influence of pH on sorption parameters is characterized by measuring the ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Fourest E,Canal C,Roux JC

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes and cancers. In contrast to mammals, which have at least nine genes, fungi have only one or two. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces only a single Pkc1 and is employed in the study of specific human isozymes, i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Heinisch JJ,Rodicio R

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The head assembly pathway of bacteriophage HK97 shares many features with head assembly pathways determined for other dsDNA phages, and it also provides examples of novel variations on the basic theme. We describe aspects of two specific steps in the assembly pathway, the covalent cross-linking among the assembled hea...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Duda RL,Martincic K,Xie Z,Hendrix RW

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat-shock proteins (hsps) have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of amino acid homology. This article reviews the major hsps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their interactions with trehalose, the effect of fermentation and the r...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Burnie JP,Carter TL,Hodgetts SJ,Matthews RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spread of antibiotic resistance and increasing prevalence of biofilm-associated infections is driving demand for new means to treat bacterial infection. Nanotechnology provides an innovative platform for addressing this challenge, with potential to manage even infections involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteri...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Natan M,Banin E

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. The most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Pha...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Buvelot H,Posfay-Barbe KM,Linder P,Schrenzel J,Krause KH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methanogens form a very large and diverse group of microorganisms within the domain of the Archaea. Energy for their growth is obtained by the reduction of a variety of substrates into methane. Several genes, coding for enzymes involved in methanogenesis or in the central metabolism have been cloned and studied. The m...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Eggen RI

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first implicated in human disease in the early 1980s, with ruminants cited as the primary reservoirs. Preliminary studies indicated cattle to be the sole source of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks in humans; however, further epidemiological studies soon demonstrated that E. col...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： La Ragione RM,Best A,Woodward MJ,Wales AD

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that antibiotics, besides their antimicrobial action, potentially have a number of undesired side effects that can, at least in some cases, promote genetic variability of bacteria. In addition to resistant variants, antibiotics have also been shown to select mutato...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Couce A,Blázquez J

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural si...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Maloney PC

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surfaces are critical for diverse functions across all domains of life, from cell-cell communication and nutrient uptake to cell stability and surface attachment. While certain aspects of the mechanisms supporting the biosynthesis of the archaeal cell surface are unique, likely due to important differences in cel...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pohlschroder M,Pfeiffer F,Schulze S,Abdul Halim MF

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation are important pathways in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone. These reactions occur predominantly in the liver, and especially the glucuronides are excreted in the bile. Although an enterohepatic circulation after intestinal hydrolysis of iodothyronine conjugates is sugges...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hazenberg MP,de Herder WW,Visser TJ

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Laukens D,Brinkman BM,Raes J,De Vos M,Vandenabeele P

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The species concept is a recurrent controversial issue that preoccupies philosophers as well as biologists of all disciplines. Prokaryotic species concept has its own history and results from a series of empirical improvements parallel to the development of the techniques of analysis. Among the microbial taxonomists, ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Rosselló-Mora R,Amann R

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purine salvage is an essential function for all obligate parasitic protozoa studied to date and most are also capable of efficient uptake of preformed pyrimidines. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of protozoan purine and pyrimidine transporters. While the genes encoding protozoan ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： de Koning HP,Bridges DJ,Burchmore RJ

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Fröhlich J,König H

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Rickettsia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) is comprised of obligate intracellular parasites, with virulent species of interest both as causes of emerging infectious diseases and for their potential deployment as bioterrorism agents. Currently, there are no effective commercially availabl...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Gillespie JJ,Kaur SJ,Rahman MS,Rennoll-Bankert K,Sears KT,Beier-Sexton M,Azad AF

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genome of bacteriophage fd has been engineered to allow foreign amino acid sequences to be displayed in the exposed N-terminal segment of the major coat protein in the virus particle: small peptides can be encoded directly; larger peptides are encoded in hybrid virions, in which wild-type coat protein subunits are...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Perham RN,Terry TD,Willis AE,Greenwood J,di Marzo Veronese F,Appella E

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Amon J,Titgemeyer F,Burkovski A

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant cell wall consists mainly of the large biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. These biopolymers are degraded by many microorganisms, in particular filamentous fungi, with the aid of extracellular enzymes. Filamentous fungi have a key role in degradation of the most abundant biopolymers found in...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Aro N,Pakula T,Penttilä M

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are ubiquitous among bacteria and play a crucial role in the dissemination and evolution of antibiotic resistance, such as maintaining multi-resistant plasmids and inducing persistence formation. Generally, activities of the toxins are neutralised by their conjugate antitoxins. In contras...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Yang QE,Walsh TR

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress responses are crucial for bacteria to survive harmful conditions that they encounter in the environment. Although gene regulatory mechanisms underlying stress responses in bacteria have been thoroughly characterised for decades, recent advances in imaging technologies helped to uncover previously hidden dynamic...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Lagage V,Uphoff S

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), a...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vaz-Moreira I,Nunes OC,Manaia CM

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability t...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Becker KW,Skaar EP

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by mutation or horizontal transfer of a resistance gene, and generally an acquired mechanism results in a predictable increase in phenotypic resistance. However, recent findings suggest that the environment and/or the genetic context can modify the phenotypic expression of specifi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hughes D,Andersson DI

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perhaps the biggest single task facing a bacterial cell is to divide into daughter cells that contain the normal complement of chromosomes. Recent technical and conceptual breakthroughs in bacterial cell biology, combined with the flood of genome sequence information and the excellent genetic tools in several model sy...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Margolin W

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. In contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate DNA pro...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Dalbøge H

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00