Suppressing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for influenza A virus therapy.

abstract：:Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is a member of the AGC (which includes PKD, PKG and PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues. It is closely related in structure, function and regulation to other members of the protein kinase C family, but has specific functions wit...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Konopatskaya O,Poole AW

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary inflammatory disease that is caused by cigarette smoke. The main characteristic of COPD is the continued inflammation caused by the sustained influx of macrophages and neutrophils into the lung. Recent studies have shed light on how these cells are attracted ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Smit JJ,Lukacs NW

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscarinic agonists open potassium-selective K(ACh) channels in cardiac myocytes of pacemaker or atrial origin. Receptor activation is coupled to channel opening by a membrane bound guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GK) through a process that does not require cytoplasmic intermediates. We have used the muscarinic po...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Szabo G,Otero AS

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the discipline of pharmacology, drugs (ligands) are used as tools to elucidate the processes of biological systems. Because of this, pharmacologists strive to delineate all characteristics of drugs. Decades of research have resulted in the proposal that ligands possess two properties that are intrinsic to the ligan...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Clarke WP,Bond RA

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 27 million people are living with a tumour in which the tumour suppressing activity of p53 has been inactivated. In half of these tumours, p53 itself is not mutated but the pathway is partially abrogated. Mechanisms include the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, such as MDM2 and MDM4, and dele...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Brown CJ,Cheok CF,Verma CS,Lane DP

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although an established regulator of many cellular functions, the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2) appears to have evaded the attention of drug-discovery companies. An increasing number of reports have identified potential links between PtdIns(4,5)P2-mediated signalling pathways...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Halstead JR,Jalink K,Divecha N

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cannabis (marijuana) is not only a frequently abused drug but also has the potential for the development of useful agents for the treatment of emesis, anorexia and multiple sclerosis. In this article, the effects of modulation of transmitter release by cannabinoids in both the CNS and the PNS of various species, inclu...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Schlicker E,Kathmann M

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a variety of pressures on pharmacology teachers to replace real laboratory practicals with simulations but do they help students achieve the required learning objectives? In this article, the marks obtained by students in a variety of assessments using 'wet' or simulated practicals are analysed. Poorer perfor...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Hughes IE

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidating plant-specialized biosynthetic pathways has always constituted a laborious task, notably for natural products with high pharmaceutical values. Here, we discuss emerging omics-based strategies that facilitate the identification of genes from these complex metabolic pathways, paving the way to engineered sup...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Dugé de Bernonville T,Papon N,Clastre M,O'Connor SE,Courdavault V

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic granulocytes (eosinophils and neutrophils) infiltrate airway tissues in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Granulocytes release tissue-toxic and inflammatory mediators, making their removal an important pharmacological goal. Removal is thought to be accomplished through apoptosis followed by ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Uller L,Persson CG,Erjefält JS

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intercellular transfer of proteins is a mode of communication between cells that is crucial for certain physiological processes. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for approximately 50% of all cancers. However, multidrug resistance mediated by drug-efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) minimizes the effective...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ambudkar SV,Sauna ZE,Gottesman MM,Szakacs G

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a hereditary motor neuron disease caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene. The disease mechanism probably involves a toxic gain of function in the mutant protein, because other mutations that cause a loss of androgen receptor function result in a dif...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ranganathan S,Fischbeck KH

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiological roles of chemokine receptors have expanded beyond host defense and now represent important targets for intervention in several disease indications. Chemokine receptors have joined the ranks of other members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family in therapeutic potential as small-molecule che...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Onuffer JJ,Horuk R

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase exhibit tissue-specific distribution, and each form is anchored to the cell surface via a particular post-translational modification of the catalytic subunit. Nibaldo Inestrosa and Alejandra Perelman review evidence that heparan sulphate proteoglycans are the extracellular matri...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Inestrosa NC,Perelman A

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cGMP inhibits hypertrophy, decreases fibrosis, and protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Gene-targeting studies have not defined a clear role for its major downstream effector, cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI), in cardiac hypertrophy, but do implicate cGMP-cGKI signaling in fibrosis and I/R...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lukowski R,Krieg T,Rybalkin SD,Beavo J,Hofmann F

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept that receptors can exist in multiple conformational states is becoming a physical reality. A fundamental question is how many active states need to be proposed in order to account for pharmacological observations, in particular, the finding that the same receptor type can exhibit a different agonist pharma...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Leff P,Scaramellini C,Law C,McKechnie K

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much regarding the engagement of the G(12) family of heterotrimeric G proteins (G(12) and G(13)) by agonist-activated receptors remains unclear. For example, the identity of receptors that couple unequivocally to G(12) and G(13) and how signals are allocated among these and other G proteins remain open questions. Part...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Riobo NA,Manning DR

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is a grave psychiatric disorder with psychotic symptoms and an enigmatic etiology. Family studies have strongly indicated that genetic risk factors have a role in this disease. Recent findings, together with previously established evidence, highlight the PDZ-domain-containing protein interacting with C-k...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Dev KK,Henley JM

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translocator protein (TSPO), an 18-kDa transmembrane protein primarily found in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed across species. In mammals, TSPO has been described as a key member of a multiprotein complex involved in many putative functions and, over the years,...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lacapere JJ,Duma L,Finet S,Kassiou M,Papadopoulos V

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three 'alpha 1-adrenoceptors' and three 'alpha 2-adrenoceptors' have now been cloned. How closely do these receptors match the native receptors that have been identified pharmacologically? What are the properties of these receptors, and how do they relate to other members of the cationic amine receptor family? Kevin L...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Harrison JK,Pearson WR,Lynch KR

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein engineering is a powerful tool for studying relationships between receptor structure and function--providing that it is used and interpreted appropriately. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletion mutagenesis and construction of chimaeric proteins have all been used to characterize receptors. In this review, Walter...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ward WH,Timms D,Fersht AR

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochromes P450 are a superfamily of haem-containing monooxygenases. In mammals, two general classes of P450s exist: six families involved in steroid and bile acid biosynthetic pathways of metabolism; four families containing numerous individual P450s, mainly responsible for metabolism of foreign compounds. Many of t...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since conformational flexibility, which is required for the function of a protein, comes at the expense of structural stability, many proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are under constant risk of misfolding and aggregation. In this regard GPR37 (also named PAEL-R and ETBR-LP-1) takes a prominent ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Leinartaité L,Svenningsson P

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays crucial roles in several cellular processes such as cell proliferation and survival, and has been found to be aberrantly activated in many cancers. Much research has explored the leading mechanisms for regulating the STAT3 pathway and its role in promoti...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Zhao C,Li H,Lin HJ,Yang S,Lin J,Liang G

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP (also known as ABCG2)] belongs to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family of transmembrane drug transporters. BCRP has a broad substrate specificity and actively extrudes a wide variety of drugs, carcinogens and dietary toxins from cells. Situated in the apical plasma membrane ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： van Herwaarden AE,Schinkel AH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence of off-target effects (OTEs) associated with small interfering (si)RNAs (19-29bp) in mammalian cells has existed for several years. Two recent articles demonstrate that short sequences within long double-stranded (ds)RNAs frequently cause undesirable OTEs in cultured Drosophila cells. These results reveal the...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Moffat J,Reiling JH,Sabatini DM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vascular system is rich in G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly Class 1 GPCRs, which are activated by an eclectic range of chemical entities including peptides. These chemical messengers can function in blood vessels as directly acting vasoconstrictors, directly acting vasodilators or indirectly actin...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Maguire JJ,Davenport AP

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is a multifunctional mitochondrial aminotransferase that was first identified in 1978. The physiological importance of AGXT2 was largely overlooked for three decades because AGXT2 is less active in glyoxylate metabolism than AGXT1, the enzyme that is deficient in primary h...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Rodionov RN,Jarzebska N,Weiss N,Lentz SR

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene therapy is a new field of medical research that has great potential to influence the course of treatment of human disease. The lung has been a particularly attractive target organ for gene therapy due to its accessibility and the identification of genetic deficits for a number of lung diseases. Several clinical t...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ennist DL

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, adenosine has to date been considered as a cardiodepressant agent. However, adenosine increases ventricular automaticity. This review by Jesus Hernández and Alexandre Ribeiro discusses the experimental and clinical evidence for the excitatory effects of adenosine...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Hernández J,Ribeiro JA

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00