Abstract：
OPINION STATEMENT:Autoimmune neuromuscular disorders in childhood include Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variants, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG), and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), along with other disorders rarely seen in childhood. In general, these diseases have not been studied as extensively as they have been in adults. Thus, treatment protocols for these diseases in pediatrics are often based on adult practice, but despite the similarities in disease processes, the most widely used treatments have different effects in children. For example, some of the side effects of chronic steroid use, including linear growth deceleration, bone demineralization, and chronic weight issues, are more consequential in children than in adults. Although steroids remain a cornerstone of therapy in JDM and are useful in many cases of CIDP and JMG, other immunomodulatory therapies with similar efficacy may be used more frequently in some children to avoid these long-term sequelae. Steroids are less expensive than most other therapies, but chronic steroid therapy in childhood may lead to significant and costly medical complications. Another example is plasma exchange. This treatment modality presents challenges in pediatrics, as younger children require central venous access for this therapy. However, in older children and adolescents, plasma exchange is often feasible via peripheral venous access, making this treatment more accessible than might be expected in this age group. Intravenous immunoglobulin also is beneficial in several of these disorders, but its high cost may present barriers to its use in the future. Newer steroid-sparing immunomodulatory agents, such as azathioprine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab, have not been studied extensively in children. They show promising results from case reports and retrospective cohort studies, but there is a need for comparative studies looking at their relative efficacy, tolerability, and long-term adverse effects (including secondary malignancy) in children.
journal_name
Curr Treat Options Neuroljournal_title
Current treatment options in neurologyauthors
McMillan HJ,Darras BT,Kang PBdoi
10.1007/s11940-011-0146-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
590-607issue
6eissn
1092-8480issn
1534-3138journal_volume
13pub_type
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The aims of this article are to discuss the potential role of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the mechanisms of action of approved and emerging disease modifying therapies. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made in the introduction of novel phar...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a recent resurgence of interest in therapeutic modalities using transcranial weak electrical stimulation through scalp electrodes, such as trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a means of experimentally modifying and studying brain function and possibly treating psychiatric conditions. A r...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0040-y
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose of review:The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate secondary causes of inflammatory myopathies (myositis) and to review treatment options. Recent findings:This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of known causes of myositis, including newer drugs that may cause myositis s...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0012-z
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Triptans, selective serotonin receptor agonists, were developed almost 20 years ago and represented a major breakthrough in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Since then, the triptans have become first-line agents for most patients with migraine, both with and without aura, unless contraindicate...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0082-9
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no standard therapy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and treatments are based on the analogy of the pathogenesis of ADEM with that of multiple sclerosis (MS), namely an inflammatory perivenular demyelination. High-dose intravenous corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, at a dosage standa...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-001-0016-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Paraneoplastic brain stem encephalitis can occur as an isolated clinical syndrome or, more often, may be part of a more widespread encephalitis. Different antineuronal autoantibodies, such as anti-Hu, anti-Ri, and anti-Ma2 can be associated with the syndrome, and the most frequent tumors are lung and ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-013-0221-1
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cysticercosis, the consequence of ingesting viable eggs of the porcine tapeworm Taenia solium, currently remains one of the most common human parasitic conditions worldwide. Although preventable by the proper disposal of human wastes, cysticercosis of the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis) accounts for a subs...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0052-8
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is associated with multiple short- and long-term side effects. Effects on endocrine function, including weight change, reproductive function, thyroid function, and bone health are examples of these side effects. Some AEDs affect weight, resulting in weight gain or loss. Levetiracetam...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0037-8
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Use of cannabinoids as medications has a long history. Unfortunately, the prohibition of cannabis and its classification in 1970 as a schedule 1 drug has been a major obstacle in studying these agents in a systematic, controlled manner. The number of class 1 studies (randomized, double-blind, placebo-...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0370-5
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a leading cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially among the young. Because they pose a lifelong risk of serious bleeding, definitive treatment to obliterate the AVM should be pursued in the majority of patients. Microsurgical resection of a small AVM located in the superfici...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0011-7
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological event with a 30-day mortality of approximately 40%. Recent research provides new insights into the pathophysiology of ICH-associated edema, with potential molecular and cellular targets for future therapy. Neuroimaging techniques such as gradient...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0005-y
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:High-grade or malignant gliomas are aggressive cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system recognizes grade III and grade IV primary brain tumors of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or mixed lineage. Identification of these tumors is prompted by symptoms such as insidious headaches, seizu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a surgically treatable neurological disorder of the elderly population that is characterized by abnormal ventricular enlargement due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, or urinary incontinence. The obj...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
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更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized clinically by proximal weakness and bulbar symptoms and pathologically by damage to the post-synaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. Ocular myasthenia gravis (ocular MG) is a form of myasthenia gravis whereby the patients' weakness is limited to t...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0009-z
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Psychosis is broadly defined as a disengagement from reality. It describes syndromes that impair both thought content and thought process. Psychosis negatively impacts an individual's quality of life, in addition to the families caring for them. Psychosis with different types of hallucinations and...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-01-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0019-7
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0017-7
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard guiding diagnostic and therapeutic management in glioma with its high resolution and possibility to depict blood-brain-barrier disruption when contrast medium is applied. In light of the shifting paradigms revealing distinct tumor subtypes based on...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0384-z
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The recognition of the diagnosis of migraine in the pediatric population is increasing. Early and aggressive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents with the use of over-the-counter medications has proven effective. In addition, the off-label use of many migraine-specific medications is ofte...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0069-6
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
