Abstract：
:Apathy is a common problem observed in numerous neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical conditions. It is independent from other symptoms and has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes. However, little empirical research has been conducted on potential psychologic or pharmacologic treatments for apathy. The impact of several different medications has been investigated, but very few reports have used well-controlled study designs. At present, agents that potentiate dopamine release and/or delay dopamine reuptake in the central nervous system appear promising for use in apathy. Among these, atypical antipsychotics and methylphenidate have received the greatest attention, and both have been demonstrated to reduce apathy in several patient populations. These findings appear consistent with evidence supporting a role for frontal-subcortical circuitry abnormality in the etiology of apathy. Another class of medication that has been the subject of a larger number of investigations is the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. These have been reported to reduce apathy in patients with dementia and individuals with traumatic brain injury. Several psychologic interventions have been assessed, largely in geriatric populations, but most have been the subject of only one or a very small number of studies. With this caveat, interventions that have shown promise include participation in discussion groups and cognitive stimulation. Despite some promising findings, further large-scale, well-controlled clinical trials of potentially helpful pharmacologic and psychologic interventions for apathy are essential before any firm recommendations can be made. In the interim, careful evaluation of possible psychosocial and biological contributors to apathy in any given patient is suggested, with treatment planning based accordingly.
journal_name
Curr Treat Options Neuroljournal_title
Current treatment options in neurologyauthors
Roth RM,Flashman LA,McAllister TWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
363-70issue
5eissn
1092-8480issn
1534-3138journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a leading cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, especially among the young. Because they pose a lifelong risk of serious bleeding, definitive treatment to obliterate the AVM should be pursued in the majority of patients. Microsurgical resection of a small AVM located in the superfici...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0011-7
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) include anomalies of accommodation, version, vergence (nonstrabismic, as well as strabismic), photosensitivity, visual field integrity, and ocular health. Traumatic brain injury patients with complex diplopia patterns, noncomitant strabismic anomalies, and adv...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0027-z
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Infantile spasms (IS) represent a major therapeutic challenge, as cessation of spasms and normalization of the electroencephalogram (elimination of hypsarrhythmia) are mandatory to prevent cognitive deterioration in previously healthy infants, or to preserve neurocognitive function among those neurolo...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0181-x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurorehabilitation program for cerebral palsy changes over time. During the first 2 years of life, an infant stimulation program with an emphasis on more than just improving motor deficits is emphasized. The importance of involvement of a knowledgeable therapist cannot be overemphasized. Realistic expectations mu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0011-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are ubiquitous. Children are infected with HSV resulting in totally asymptomatic acquisition to life-threatening disease. Therapy of HSV diseases of children can be considered according to severity and time of acquisition. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections take one of three...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0040-2
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical management, the mainstay of treatment for partial epilepsy, involves choosing from an array of antiseizure drugs, most of which have comparable efficacy against partial-onset seizures. Effective treatment strategies involve matching the characteristics of drug and patient to control seizures without adverse ef...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-009-0028-2
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subdural empyema represents loculated infection between the outermost layer of the meninges, the dura, and the arachnoid. The empyema may develop intracranially or in the spinal canal. Intracranial subdural empyema is most frequently a complication of sinusitis or, less frequently, otitis or neurosurgical procedures. ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0019-7
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) remains a major therapeutic challenge in neurology. Generalized convulsive seizures are often well controlled through classic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) like valproate and clonazepam, whereas myoclonus, the main symptom that is affecting patients most in their dail...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0001-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OPINION STATEMENT: Anemia develops in about 50% of patients hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is recognized as a cause of secondary brain injury. This review examines the effects of anemia and transfusion on TBI patients through a literature search to identify original research on anemia and transfusi...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0167-8
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons and muscular atrophy. Advances in recent research have led to understanding of the molecular genetics of SMA. Therapeutic strategies have been developed according to the unique genomic structure o...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0044-7
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although estimates vary, the nervous system appears to be involved in 10% to 15% of patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. The resulting disorders, known collectively as neuroborreliosis or nervous system Lyme disease, generally respond well to antimicrobial therapy. Definitive treatment of nervous system infect...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0035-0
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrovascular disorders are an important cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in children. Ischemic stroke is more common than cerebral venous thrombosis and hemorrhagic stroke in children. Several medical disorders have been associated with stroke in children, and a thorough evaluation of underlying causes is n...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0047-6
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dystonia is a neurologic disorder that can occur at any age and often results in significant disability. The therapeutic application of botulinum toxin has revolutionized the treatment of this disorder, particularly for the adult-onset focal forms such as cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. The two available commerci...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02938412
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vagus nerve stimulation is a unique therapy for epileptic seizures. Two randomized controlled trials in patients with medically refractory partial seizures have demonstrated efficacy, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in 1997. Extensive safety testing has not reveal...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0002-3
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with functional or nonorganic visual disturbances are often seen in general ophthalmology practice and then referred to neurology and/or neuro-ophthalmology. The diagnosis of functional vision loss requires comprehensive examinations and diagnostic testing to eliminate possible organic entities. Inconsistenci...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-996-0023-9
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurological disorder characterized by multiphase attacks of head pain and a myriad of neurological symptoms. Chronic migraine causes a great personal and societal burden. Many patients are poorly responsive to, or non-compliant with, conventional migraine preventive therapies. For thi...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0555-4
更新日期：2019-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplantation of bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells is increasingly being used to treat a variety of oncologic disorders. These procedures are associated with a large spectrum of neurologic complications that significantly contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. These complications may arise at any ti...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0016-3
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the impact of the exposure to anesthetic and sedative agents on neurodevelopment during the period of rapid brain growth in the first 3 years of life. Though much of the definitive data demonstrating anesthesia-induced neurotoxi...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-018-0536-z
更新日期：2018-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders require a work up of potentially reversible metabolic, infectious and structural disorders as well as side effects of current medication. In pharmacoresistant movement disorders with a disabling impact on quality of life, deep ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0373-2
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a surgically treatable neurological disorder of the elderly population that is characterized by abnormal ventricular enlargement due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, or urinary incontinence. The obj...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0604-z
更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is condition that mimics Parkinson's disease. Characterized mainly by rigidity and bradykinesia, it has less prominent tremor and gait instability. DIP is generally caused by lipophilic drugs that "block" dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, although presynaptic dopamine depletion, false...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-009-0019-3
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of complex partial seizure (CPS) begins with accurate diagnosis. Episodes of staring and unresponsiveness due to nonepileptic causes must be ruled out. Absence seizures (typical and atypical petit mal) must be considered because the treatment strategy and prognosis for these seizures are very different f...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-999-0023-7
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMD) include several different motor activities during sleep. Few of them are well known and well classified, whereas others are minor motor disorders of sleep which are neither thoroughly characterized and classified nor have been extensively investigated to clarify...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0543-8
更新日期：2019-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:High-grade or malignant gliomas are aggressive cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system recognizes grade III and grade IV primary brain tumors of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or mixed lineage. Identification of these tumors is prompted by symptoms such as insidious headaches, seizu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0077-6
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are an often-disabling continuum of disorders affecting two to four in 1000 children. These disorders have a core set of defining features including impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, impaired social interaction, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior. The cause o...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-996-0030-x
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After a patient has initiated an antiepileptic drug (AED) and achieved a sustained period of seizure freedom, the bias towards continuing therapy indefinitely can be substantial. Studies show that the rate of seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal is about two to three times the rate in patients who continue AEDs, bu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0083-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose of review:The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate secondary causes of inflammatory myopathies (myositis) and to review treatment options. Recent findings:This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of known causes of myositis, including newer drugs that may cause myositis s...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-020-00646-0
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Treatment of myoclonus requires an understanding of the physiopathology of the condition. The first step in treatment is to determine if there is an epileptic component to the myoclonus and treat accordingly. Secondly, a review of medications (e.g., opiates) and comorbidities (e.g., hepatic or renal f...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-016-0404-7
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic myopathies are disorders affecting utilization of carbohydrates or fat in the skeletal muscle. Adult patients with metabolic myopathies typically present with exercise-induced pain, contractures or stiffness, fatigue, and myoglobinuria. Symptoms are related to energy failure. Purpose of review In this review...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0473-2
更新日期：2017-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency with significant potential morbidity and even mortality. It should be diagnosed and treated as quickly as possible, with concurrent rapid identification of the underlying cause. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be difficult to diagnose due to its protea...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0179-4
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
