Abstract：
:Although airborne chemicals can directly elicit adverse reactions via stimulation of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, such as sensory irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat, an individual's subjective experience is often the result of a complex sequence of events involving those sensory, physiological signals and psychological processes involved in perception, memory and judgment. To evaluate the contribution of these processes, an information-processing model of chemosensory perception is introduced. The model incorporates (1) the perception of odor and trigeminal irritation, and accompanying physiological and somatic changes that follow directly from the encounter with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environment (bottom-up processing), and (2) any physiological/ somatic changes and subjective experiences of irritancy that are influenced by cognitive processes that have been primed by the perception of odor (top-down processing). The model is illustrated with data from our laboratory, and its utility in the context of setting occupational exposure limits is discussed.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Pharmacoljournal_title
Environmental toxicology and pharmacologyauthors
Smeets MA,Dalton PHdoi
10.1016/j.etap.2004.12.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
581-8issue
3eissn
1382-6689issn
1872-7077pii
S1382-6689(04)00286-8journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Crops produced through genetic modification are beginning to reach the market and many genetically-modified crops are under development. Since genetic modification results in the introduction of new proteins into the food plant the safety of the newly introduced proteins must be assessed. The potential allergenicity o...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10052-7
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A food allergen may be defined as a substance that reacts with IgE antibodies, induces allergic sensitisation or induces allergic reactions. Some allergens only induce allergic sensitisation but do not provoke symptoms, while others bind IgE but do not induce mast cell degranulation. There is no common structure that ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10042-4
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the genotoxicity of diaveridine and trimethoprim in the bacterial umu test, the bacterial reverse mutation test, the in vitro chromosome aberration test, the in vivo rodent bone marrow micronucleus test in two species, and the in vivo comet assay in five mouse organs. Both compounds were negative in the um...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1382-6689(97)00026-4
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) is commonly added during the manufacturing of plastics to increase flexibility and elasticity. However, BBP leaches off of plastic and environment presence has been detected in soil, groundwater and sediment potentially effecting organisms in the environment. Given the widespread uses of B...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.009
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.010
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is polluted by domestic wastewaters together with natural contamination and pesticides, which have had cumulatively negative effects. This study analyzes the effects of pollution by using the fish species, Capoeta umbla as a sentinel species, ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.001
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Application of human antidotes against nerve agent intoxications to microcrustacean Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) intoxicated by a nerve agent tabun (O-ethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) and their efficacy was investigated. It was found that antidotes can be successfully applied to intoxicated daphnids. ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2007.11.001
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to assess the intensity of environmental pollution in industrial zones of Kvarnerian Bay in Northern Adriatic Sea and the reactivity of Mytilus galloprovincialis to these changes, in this study we estimated the concentration of heavy metals at four locations in both sea-sediment and in the mussels. Furth...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2009.08.005
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alteration of p53 protein level, and possible mutation of the p53 gene during carcinogenesis in mice exposed chronically (P) and transgenerationally to 2mg/ml aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) in drinking water, were studied. Exons 5 and 7 of the p53 gene were not mutated under both chronic and transgenerational exp...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2008.09.003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1 (CYP2E1) presents in both microsome and mitochondrion, which influences the metabolism of many xenobiotics. The mice active liver homogenate was prepared for the medicinal incubation and mitochondrion was extracted for chemical screening targeting CYP2E1 enzyme. Representative CYP2E1 ind...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.006
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in Western countries and is becoming increasingly common in Asia. Rosmarinic acid (RA), one of the major components of polyphenol possesses attractive remedial features. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible chemopreventive mech...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.014
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acyclovir (ACV) exposure is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The toxicity mechanism of ACV has always been a matter of debate. The present study investigated into the time-effect relationship and dose-effect relationship of ACV-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using metabonomics. Twenty-four rats were random...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.018
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of prenatal alcohol exposure on the serotoninergic system in the brain has been well studied, however its influence on the serotoninergic system in the gastrointestinal system remains unknown. The objective of the study was to use a mouse model of prenatal alcohol exposure to investigate the effects on s...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.011
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to compare effects of Western diet (WD) with low carbohydrate high protein (LCHP) diet on lipid metabolism, liver and kidney function in rats. Eighteen rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and fed for the next 2 months. The experimental diets were: Control (7% of soy...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin is frequently exposed to a variety of environmental and chemical agents that accelerate ageing. External stress such as UV radiations (UVR) and environmental pollutants majorly deteriorate the skin morphology, by activating certain intrinsic factors such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which trigger the activati...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental Epigenomics is a developing field to study the epigenetic effect on human health from exposure to environmental factors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been detected primarily in pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products, food additives, and food containers. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemi...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.004
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine microbes have been a storehouse of bioactive metabolites with tremendous potential as drug candidates. Marine microorganism derived secondary metabolites (chemical compounds/peptides) are considered to be a burning area of research since recent past. Many of such compounds have been proven to be anti-bacterial,...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.016
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was aimed at documenting the kinetic time courses of selenium (Se) in accessible biological matrices of volunteers following controlled applications of therapeutic shampoo containing Se, to better elucidate the mechanisms by which shampoo-Se accumulates in hair and hence estimate the contribution of this so...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2010.02.001
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hexavalent chromium-mediated oxidative stress causes severe organ damage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible thyroprotective effect and underlying mechanisms of gallic acid using rat model of potassium dichromate-induced thyroid dysfunction. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 grou...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.019
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, electromagnetic fields around ultra-high voltage transmission lines have received considerable attentions for their potential biological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of static electric field (SEF) and power frequency electric field (PFEF) on cognition. Mice were exposed to SEF and PFE...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the Vitamin E model compound Trolox in reactions with Cr(VI) in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The aim of this study was to establish and discuss potential Trolox-mediated pro-oxidative reactions. The importance of the Trolox:Cr(VI) ratio in the Cr(VI) reduction process wa...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2005.11.004
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the effect of paraquat (PQ) and temperature on hematological parameters and nonspecific immune system of fish Colossoma macropomum (Cachama). Juveniles were used for all experiments. Fish were exposed to three temperatures (18, 28, 35°C) and 10mg/L PQ during 21 days (PQ LC(50) 96h was of 48.05mg/L...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2008.11.010
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of N(1)-benzylidene pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone anti-tuberculosis compounds has been evaluated for their cytotoxicity using human mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) as target cells. All eight compounds were significantly more toxic than dimethyl sulphoxide control and isoniazid (INH) with the exception of a 4-metho...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1382-6689(03)00008-5
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In March 2000, an international two-day symposium was organized in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, on 'Natural and synthetic organic compounds in the environment'. The emphasis of the symposium was on the following classes of compounds: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, xeno-estrogens, phyto-estrogens, and veterinar...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1382-6689(01)00090-4
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis of mammalian cells by releasing apoptogenic proteins such as cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial membrane permeability during apoptosis is regulated directly by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. In glioma cells, there are no specific features of apoptosis compared w...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2006.01.005
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene is a well-known environmental pollutant that can induce hematotoxicity, aplastic anemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, and lymphoma. Benzene toxicity is likely mediated through metabolites induced by means of multiple pathways. Although benzene metabolites are known to induce oxidative stress and disrupt the cel...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2011.06.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that temperature variation is able to modify the chronic toxicity of the antibiotic florfenicol (FLO) to Daphnia magna was tested in the present study. Twenty-one day laboratory bioassays were carried out at 20 and 25 °C. FLO concentrations and its potential decay during the assays were checked by spect...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.001
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a chlorinated phenolic antibacterial compound found as an active ingredient in many personal care and household products. The structural similarity of triclosan to thyroid hormones and recent studies demonstrating activation of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR) a...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2007.04.008
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) has been used for centuries for treating various ailments including cancer in Ayurvedic system of medicine. In this study, we report the mechanism of cell death exhibited by the hexane extract fraction of T. cordifolia (TcHf) against Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) in mice. Treatment of EAT ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.etap.2006.10.004
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
