Abstract:
:Long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory factors in mammalian genomics. A number of reports within the last 2 years have identified thousands of actively expressed long ncRNA transcripts with distinct properties. The long ncRNAs show differential expression patterns and regulation in a wide variety of cells and tissues, adding significant complexity to the understanding of their biological role. Furthermore, genome-wide studies of transcriptional enhancers based on chromatin modifications and enhancer binding proteins have led to the identification of putative enhancers and provided insight into their tissue-specific regulation of gene expression. In an exciting turn of events, new evidence is indicating that long ncRNAs are associated with enhancer regions and that such non-coding transcription correlate with the increased activity of the neighboring genes. Moreover, additional experiments suggest that enhancer-function can be mediated through a transcribed long ncRNA and that this might be a common function for long ncRNAs. Here, we review recent advances made both in the genome-wide characterization of enhancers and in the identification of new classes of long ncRNAs, and discuss the functional overlap of these two classes of regulatory elements.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Ørom UA,Shiekhattar Rdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2011.01.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-01 00:00:00pages
194-8issue
2eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(11)00024-4journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cell proliferation is dependent upon the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins by soluble growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, respectively. It is now apparent that concerted, rather than individual, signaling by these receptors is the critical feature responsible for cell-cycle progressio...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00155-6
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary process of divergence, which ultimately leads to the generation of new species, is thought to occur usually without any gene exchange between the diverging populations. However, until the recent growth of multi-locus datasets, and the development of new population genetic methods, it has been very dif...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.10.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) is a common cause of moderate to severe intellectual disability in males. XLMR is very heterogeneous, and about two-thirds of patients have clinically indistinguishable non-syndromic (NS-XLMR) forms, which has greatly hampered their molecular elucidation. A few years ago, internation...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.017
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA sequence data are generally interpreted as favouring Kimura's neutral theory but not without dissent and often with a great deal of controversy with respect to molecular clocks, DNA polymorphism, adaptive evolution, and gene genealogy. Although the theory serves as a guiding principle, many issues concerning mutat...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80034-7
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.001
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specification of cell fate is integral to embryonic development. Recent research has identified several molecules that are involved in the development of the embryonic vasculature. Their combined actions are required for the specification and development of the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels; vascular netwo...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.07.005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of beta-globin gene expression have concentrated on the analysis of factor binding and chromatin structure within the endogenous locus. These studies have more precisely defined the extent and nature of the active chromosomal domain and the elements that organize it. Surprisingly, the beta-globin locus ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00283-6
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A plethora of post-transcriptional mechanisms are involved in essential steps in the pathway of genetic information expression in eukaryotes. These processes are specified by cis-acting signals on RNAs and are mediated by specific trans-acting factors, including RNA-binding proteins and small complementary RNAs. Recen...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80148-7
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleomorphs are the vestigial nuclear genomes of eukaryotic algal cells now existing as endosymbionts within a host cell. Molecular investigation of the endosymbiont genomes has allowed important insights into the process of eukaryote/eukaryote cell endosymbiosis and has also disclosed a plethora of interesting genet...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80043-3
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor TFIIH is a versatile, multi-functional protein complex with multiple engagements. Apart from its role in basal transcription, TFIIH is intimately implicated in DNA repair and (probably) in cell cycle control (both of which are required to prevent carcinogenesis) as well as having possible role...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)90006-4
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past ten years, there has been increasing recognition that cells can acquire genetic variants during cortical development that can give rise to brain malformations as well as nonlesional focal epilepsy. These often brain tissue-specific, de novo variants can result in highly variable phenotypes based on the bur...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.04.004
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic information from ancient human remains is beginning to show its full potential for learning about human prehistory. We review the last few years' dramatic finds about European prehistory based on genomic data from humans that lived many millennia ago and relate it to modern-day patterns of genomic variation. T...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.09.004
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effort to map the entire human genome has led recently to the important milestone publication in late 1999 of the complete sequence of chromosome 22. This has been facilitated by increasingly sophisticated tools for genetic analysis and the ensuing wealth of detailed genetic information. The quest for genetic fact...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00082-4
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies of twins indicate that 20-40% of common tumors such as breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers are inherited. However, the effect of high penetrance tumor susceptibility genes such as APC, BRCA1, BRAC2, MSH1, MLH2 and MSH6 only accounts for a small fraction of these cancers. Low to moderate pene...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2010.03.006
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes are currently being sequenced. Already, the nucleotide sequences of four yeast chromosomes and of 2.2 Mb from Caenorhabditis elegans have been reported. Human genomic sequences have also been used in comparative studies with both mouse and Fugu rubripes. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(95)80050-6
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonial ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates that are the closest invertebrate relative to the vertebrates. Colonies of Botryllus schlosseri undergo a continuous asexual reproduction process that involves the regeneration of entire new bodies, which include all somatic and germline tissues. This adult regenera...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.001
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of single-cell sequencing has been revolutionary to the field of cancer genomics. Perfectly suited to capture cancer's heterogeneous nature, single-cell analyses provide information bulk sequencing could never hope to uncover. Many mechanisms of cancer have yet to be fully understood, and single-cell approa...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.002
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dramatic genome rearrangement has been observed after whole genome duplication (WGD) in some plant species, leading many to suggest that genome restructuring may be a common consequence of WGD. However, recent analyses of ancient WGDs in yeast and vertebrates have not shown any evidence for increased rearrangement aft...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.005
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Segmentation in Drosophila is a sequential process directed by at least 30 genes that encode various types of proteins, including: many transcription factors; a putative RNA-binding protein; a membrane-associated receptor kinase; several intracellular protein kinases; a number of secreted signaling molecules; and othe...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(93)90094-6
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian globin gene clusters provide a paradigm for studying the relationship between genome structure and function. As blood stem cells undergo lineage specification and differentiation to form red blood cells, the chromatin structure and expression of the α-globin cluster change. The gradual activation of the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.10.003
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::The recent identification of Wnt-7a as a signalling molecule in dorsal/ventral patterning means that we now have a known signal for control of each of the three limb axes. Fibroblast growth factors can allow proximal/distal patterning and Sonic hedgehog gene expression signals anterior/posterior patterning. Networks o...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(95)90052-i
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review we discuss the importance of genetic somatic mosaicism and its impact on brain diseases. We start from introducing the different types of somatic mutations, their frequencies and abundances across development and lifespan. We then describe how weakness in DNA repair mechanisms influences their prevalenc...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.002
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expansions of microsatellite DNA repeats contribute to the inheritance of nearly 30 developmental and neurological disorders. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of repeat expansions using various model organisms and mammalian cell culture, and models implicating nearly all DNA t...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.04.009
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular fate reprogramming holds great promise to generate functional cell types for replenishing new cells and restoring functional loss. Inspired by transcription factor-induced reprogramming, the field of cellular reprogramming has greatly advanced and developed into divergent streams of reprogramming approaches. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.004
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic study of rats and mice using natural variants, natural mutations, chemical or radiation induced mutations, engineered mutations and conditional engineered mutations has provided the tools for investigating the genetics of disease. The completion of the mouse genomic sequence and progress towards sequencing...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00051-0
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PML and SP100-containing nuclear bodies (NBs) represent the best-studied example of a defined nuclear substructure the integrity of which is compromised in certain human diseases, including leukemia, neurodegenerative disorders and viral infection. Although recent progress has underscored the unexpectedly broad in...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)80054-9
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer a high risk of breast cancer development. Both genes encode very large proteins of unknown function but recent results suggest that they may have roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. These advances offer the prospect of understanding not only the normal cell...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80056-7
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ideas of how a system of interacting enzymes can act as a switch are based on the concept of bistability of a biochemical network. This means that, because of the very structure of a signaling pathway, the system can be in one of two stable steady states: active or inactive. Switching from one state to another may the...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.05.001
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-type cyclin homologs have been found in the genomes of herpesviruses associated with neoplasias. They appear to exploit features of G(1) cyclins but extend their properties to allow for deregulation of the cell cycle. Advances in the study of the molecular basis for these novel features as well as the potential role...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00045-3
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that rare POT1 variants are associated with extremely long telomeres and increased cancer predisposition has provided a framework to revisit the relationship between telomere length and cancer development. Telomere shortening is linked with increased risk for cancer. However, over the past decade, there ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.002
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00