Abstract:
:The human genome is replete with interspersed repetitive sequences derived from the propagation of mobile DNA elements. Three families of human retrotransposons remain active today: LINE1, Alu, and SVA elements. Since 1988, de novo insertions at previously recognized disease loci have been shown to generate highly penetrant alleles in Mendelian disorders. Only recently has the extent of germline-transmitted retrotransposon insertion polymorphism (RIP) in human populations been fully realized. Also exciting are recent studies of somatic retrotransposition in human tissues and reports of tumor-specific insertions, suggesting roles in tissue heterogeneity and tumorigenesis. Here we discuss mobile elements in human disease with an emphasis on exciting developments from the last several years.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Babatz TD,Burns KHdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2013.02.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
264-70issue
3eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(13)00025-7journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Kinase inhibitors have already established a foothold in the current armament for the treatment of malignancies. Indeed, the future of cancer therapy is likely to rely heavily on an ever-growing number of kinase inhibitors, either as single-agents or in combination with other targeted drugs or even chemotherapies. The...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.010
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance cooperates with cis-acting DNA sequence information to propagate gene expression states and chromosome architecture across cell division cycles. Histone proteins and their modifications are central components of epigenetic systems but how, and to what extent, they are propagated ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SOX transcription factors perform a remarkable variety of important roles in vertebrate development, either activating or repressing specific target genes through interaction with different partner proteins. Surprisingly, these interactions are often mediated by the conserved, DNA-binding HMG domain, raising questions...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00323-4
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic genomes encode genetic information in their linear sequence, but appropriate expression of their genes requires chromosomes to fold into complex three-dimensional structures. Fueled by a growing collection of sequencing and imaging-based technologies, studies have uncovered a hierarchy of DNA interactions, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.03.005
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thousands of genes produce polyadenylated mRNAs that still contain one or more introns. These transcripts are known as retained intron RNAs (RI-RNAs). In the past 10 years, RI-RNAs have been linked to post-transcriptional alternative splicing in a variety of developmental contexts, but they can also be dead-end produc...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.11.002
更新日期:2020-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic study of rats and mice using natural variants, natural mutations, chemical or radiation induced mutations, engineered mutations and conditional engineered mutations has provided the tools for investigating the genetics of disease. The completion of the mouse genomic sequence and progress towards sequencing...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00051-0
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate a damaged retina. Key to this regenerative response are Müller glia that respond to retinal injury by undergoing a reprogramming event that allows them to divide and generate a retinal progenitor that is multipotent and responsible for regenerating all major retinal neu...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.009
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.001
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current dogma holds that genes are the property of individual mammalian cells and partition between daughter cells during cell division. However, and rather unexpectedly, recent research has demonstrated horizontal cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in several mammalian cell culture systems. F...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.003
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human epilepsy is a common and heterogeneous condition in which genetics play an important etiological role. We begin by reviewing the past history of epilepsy genetics, a field that has traditionally included studies of pedigrees with epilepsy caused by defects in ion channels and neurotransmitters. We highlight impo...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.01.005
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have supported the hypothesis that the high heritability of schizophrenia reflects a combination of relatively common alleles of small effect and some rare alleles with relatively large effects. Genome-wide association studies have identified at least one common allele of small effect at ZNF804a, which ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.02.008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-human primates (NHPs) have been proposed as good models for neurodevelopmental disorders due to close similarities to humans in terms of brain structure and cognitive function. The recent development of genome editing technologies has opened new avenues to generate and investigate genetically modified NHPs as mode...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.040
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial human and chimpanzee genome sequences have been published, and additional primate genomes, including those of gorilla and orang-utan, are in progress. With these new resources, we can now address what makes our species unique, by focusing on the underlying genetic differences associated with phenotypes. Co...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.003
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate eye formation is a multistep process requiring coordinated inductive interactions between neural and non-neural ectoderm and underlying mesendoderm. The induction and shaping of the eyes involves an elaborate cellular choreography characterized by precise changes in cell shape coupled with complex cellular ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.004
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition and pairing of homologous chromosomes are absolutely required for successful segregation during meiosis. We still have no model, however, that adequately explains the mechanism of these processes in a quantitative way. The fact that homologue pairing takes similar times across several orders of magnitude i...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.02.006
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple histone-modifying enzymes have been identified in the past several years. Much has been learned regarding the biochemistry of these enzymes and their effects on gene expression in cultured cells. However, the functions of these factors during development are still largely unknown. Recent genetic studies indic...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.02.002
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past few years have been significant advances in our understanding of eukaryotic genomes. In the field of parasitology, this is best exemplified by the application of genome mapping techniques to the study of genome structure and function in the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. Although much is known about the orga...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80024-4
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The establishment of left-right asymmetries in the vertebrate embryo is carried out by complex genetic interactions that impart left- or right-sided information to the developing organs and structures. The origin of LR information is still unclear, but recent advances have provided new insights as to how it is relayed...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.07.011
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotic cells, transcription and DNA replication occur on DNA templates associated with chromatin proteins, most notably histone octamers. Protein factors that can assemble these units have been isolated from many sources. In particular, one factor from human cells is associated with ongoing DNA synthesis; other...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80049-8
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::TGF-beta binding to the cell surface triggers activation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are connected in intricate ways with each other, and with other response networks involved in sensing cellular information input. Recent data indicate that changes in signal intensity and connectivity of these pathwa...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(01)00259-3
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer stem cells and their potential roles in tumor heterogeneity are currently subjects of intense investigation. Studies suggest that these cells may develop from any normal cell and have begun to elucidate their molecular profiles. The percentage of a tumor composed of cancer stem cells varies greatly, and researc...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid progress in identifying the genes underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has provided the substrate for a first wave of analyses into the underlying neurobiology. This review describes the consensus across these diverse analyses, highlighting two distinct sets of genes: 1) Genes that regulate chromatin and tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2015.10.002
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human genetic studies have long been vastly Eurocentric, raising a key question about the generalizability of these study findings to other populations. Because humans originated in Africa, these populations retain more genetic diversity, and yet individuals of African descent have been tremendously underrepresented i...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.005
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase regulation and telomere shortening act as a strong tumor suppressor mechanism in human somatic cells. Point mutations in the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) are the most frequent non-coding mutation in cancer. These TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) create de novo ETS factor binding sites u...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.001
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade we have witnessed the convergence of two powerful experimental designs toward a common goal of defining the molecular subtypes that underpin the likelihood of a cancer patient responding to treatment in the clinic. The first of these 'experiments' has been the systematic sequencing of large number...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.12.002
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing availability of large-scale autosomal genetic variation data sampled from world-wide geographic areas, coupled with advances in the statistical methodology to analyse these data, is showcasing the power of DNA as a major tool to gain insights into the demographic history of humans and other organisms. H...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the year of the chimpanzee genome. Chimpanzee chromosome 22 has been sequenced and soon will be followed by the whole genome, and thousands of chimpanzee cDNA sequences are available for comparative analysis. Not only does this genomic information allow us to identify human-specific changes in particular genes...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.08.007
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dramatic genome rearrangement has been observed after whole genome duplication (WGD) in some plant species, leading many to suggest that genome restructuring may be a common consequence of WGD. However, recent analyses of ancient WGDs in yeast and vertebrates have not shown any evidence for increased rearrangement aft...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.005
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the protein product of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene has been implicated in a surprisingly diverse array of biological processes, the molecular mechanism by which BRCA1 loss promotes tumor formation remains unclear. Nonetheless, a pivotal advance has been achieved by recent studies that establish BRCA1 and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(01)00269-6
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies in invertebrates have provided important mechanistic insights into several general aspects of muscle development. Two new genes have been identified that are involved in muscle fusion in Drosophila and a novel maternal component was shown to be responsible for myogenic determination in an ascidian. In a...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00214-8
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00