Abstract:
PURPOSE:To investigate the hypothesis that the excessive growth of the eye in myopia is associated with general growth and thus influenced by early life biological and social factors, and that these associations underlie recent secular trends of increasing prevalence and severity of myopia. DESIGN:Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 2487 randomly selected 44-year-old members of the 1958 British birth cohort (27% subsample). METHODS:Diverse and detailed biological, social, and lifestyle data have been collected by following members since birth through a series of clinical examinations or face-to-face interviews carried out by trained examiners. At 44 years, cohort members underwent autorefraction using the Nikon Retinomax 2 (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) under non-cycloplegic conditions. A lifecourse epidemiologic approach, based on 4 sequential multivariable "life stage" models (preconceptional; prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal; childhood; and adult), was used to examine the influence of early life biological, social and lifestyle factors, growth patterns, and "eye-specific" factors on myopia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Myopia severity (all, mild/moderate: spherical equivalent -0.75 to -5.99 diopters [D]; severe: ≥-6.00 D extreme vs. emmetropia -0.74 to +0.99 D) and myopia onset (early [<16 years] vs. later). RESULTS:A total of 1214 individuals (49%; 95% confidence interval, 48.8-50.8) were myopic (late onset in 979 [80.6%]). Myopia was positively associated with low birthweight for gestational age, gender, greater maternal age, higher paternal occupational social class, and maternal smoking in early pregnancy. Myopia was independently associated with proxy markers of near work and educational performance, with some differences by onset and severity. In adults, greater height and higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status were associated with myopia. CONCLUSIONS:Trends in the key influences on child health and growth identified as novel putative risk factors in this study are consistent with global trends of increasing myopia: increasing births to older mothers, increasing rates of intrauterine growth retardation and survival of affected children, increasing persistence of smoking in pregnancy, and changing socioeconomic status. Prospects for prevention of myopia would be improved by a paradigm shift in myopia research, with lifecourse and genetic epidemiologic approaches applied in tandem in large unselected populations.
journal_name
Ophthalmologyjournal_title
Ophthalmologyauthors
Rahi JS,Cumberland PM,Peckham CSdoi
10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
797-804issue
5eissn
0161-6420issn
1549-4713pii
S0161-6420(10)01036-5journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OPHTHALMOLOGY文献大全abstract::Corneal edema was found in 24 of 43 eyes with anterior segment complications of intraocular lenses. Keratoplasty was performed in 20 eyes. Three eyes required other surgical therapy for edema while medical treatment of edema was done in one case. Thirty-two lenses were removed because of pain, inflammation, bleeding o...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35152-x
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether scleral buckle placement at the time of primary repair of open-globe injury of the posterior segment is beneficial. DESIGN:Retrospective, comparative, nonrandomized interventional study. PARTICIPANTS:One hundred twenty-five open-globe injuries treated at the Duke University Medical Center...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00212-8
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between focal, structural defects of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression. DESIGN:Retrospective, observational study. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 169 patients with glaucoma (169 eyes) with a range of glaucomatous damage. METHODS:Serial horizontal a...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.017
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of single-dose oral azithromycin in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis through monitoring of tear and serum levels. DESIGN:Nonrandomized, clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:Fourteen school-age children with active trachoma (one failed to complete the study). INTERVENTION:A sing...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)94020-9
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Blue Mountains Eye Study is a population-based study of vision and the causes of visual impairment and blindness in a well-defined urban, Australian population 49 years of age and older. METHODS:The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity was measured before and after refract...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30684-2
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Orbital decompression has been used to describe surgical procedures that remove some portion of the orbital walls to reduce pressure on the orbital contents. Substantial morbidity associated with these procedures includes infraorbital anesthesia, worsened extraocular motility, globe displacement, and blindne...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31589-7
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Visual acuity (VA) is the primary outcome measure in many studies involving eye diseases. A standard statistical approach for comparing a continuous measurement such as a VA letter score between 2 treatment groups is to perform a t test comparing the means. However, frequently a binary variable is created from ...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.06.047
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Corneal and ocular wavefront aberrations were recorded together with clinical examination results and patient-reported vision-related quality-of-life evaluation results to define the relevance of dynamic optical analysis of the eye in dry eye disease (DED). DESIGN:Prospective and comparative clinical study. ...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.004
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare pro re nata (PRN) and monthly injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients stabilized by monthly injections. DESIGN:Randomized, open-label, vision-examiner masked, 15-month study. PARTICIPANTS:Subjects with macular edema secondary to branch or central RVO. METHODS:Su...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.06.011
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the long-term ophthalmologic outcomes of patients with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cobalamin C type (cblC). DESIGN:Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS:All patients with cblC referred to the Department of Ophthalmology of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine from...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.034
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Accommodation of the eye can adversely affect optical tomography of the retina using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). This study measured the dynamic accommodative response of young adult eyes while acquiring static retinal images with a cSLO without cycloplegia and also examined whether a scann...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.08.047
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Hyperopic anisometropia is a risk factor for amblyopia. Disc areas and axial lengths are reduced in amblyopic eyes. This study's aim was to investigate the differences in the relative size of the optic disc in 5 groups of eyes: (1) normal right eyes; (2) smaller eyes of nonamblyopic, anisometropic, bilateral ...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.05.020
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long-term surgical outcome of Brown syndrome using an intraoperative adjustable superior oblique (SO) tendon suture spacer. DESIGN:Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS:Thirteen patients with congenital unilateral Brown syndrome operated on at the Wolfe Eye Clinic from 2001 through 2007...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.04.007
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional teaching states that the spiral of Tillaux marks the location of the ora serrata. On literature review, no source for this was found. This study explores this anatomic relationship. In 20 cadaver eyes, narrow-gauge needles were placed penetrating the center of each rectus muscle insertion, and distance to...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32866-1
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the prevalence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in older adults with healthy maculas and early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using multimodal imaging. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 651 subjects aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Alabama Study of Ea...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.12.034
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a peculiar syndrome occurring as a complication of cataract extraction. The syndrome is characterized initially by (1) acute loss of central and paracentral vision discovered usually on the first postoperative day; (2) diffuse and patchy whitening of the outer retinal layers in the posterior fund...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34615-1
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the age-related changes in the position of zonular insertion onto the anterior lens capsule. DESIGN:The study design was an experimental cadaveric eye study. PARTICIPANTS:Two hundred twenty-three cadaveric eyes (range, 16-100 years old) from eye banks in the United States wer...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(98)93172-4
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the performance of the fast (256 A-scans in each scan circle) and the regular (512 A-scans in each scan circle) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scan protocols for detection of glaucoma progression using the Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) device (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). DESIGN...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.08.014
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of glaucoma on functional vision and on vision-related (VR) and health-related (HR) quality of life (QoL) in children up to 16 years of age. DESIGN:Cross-sectional observational study. PARTICIPANTS:One hundred nineteen children 2 to 16 years of age (mean age, 9.4 years; standard deviati...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.02.024
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients seen in a one-year period with advanced malignant melanoma of the choroid in eyes with low visual acuity and clear media are reported. The low visual acuity appeared clinically to be antecedent to the malignant tumor; although in certain cases it may have been related to the occult melanoma, this was not...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35423-9
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the presentation and the clinical course of a patient with consecutive central sterile corneal perforations associated with common variable immunodeficiency. DESIGN:Case report. METHODS:Multiple corneal cultures and scrapings were performed in an effort to identify an infectious cause and all we...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00005-6
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trabeculotomy ab externo and goniotomy seem to be in many ways equivalent, and both are particularly successful in previously unoperated cases of primary infantile glaucoma that become apparent postnatally but before the age of 1 year. It may be more difficult to achieve a technically perfect procedure with trabeculot...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34484-5
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the age- and gender-specific prevalence of posterior subcapsular (PSC), nuclear, cortical, and mixed lens opacities in a population-based sample of Latinos 40 years and older. DESIGN:Population-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS:Six thousand three hundred fifty-seven Latinos 40 years and...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.01.024
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients suffering a central retinal vein occlusion should be evaluated for conditions that promote and/or contribute to the formation of a thrombosis in the central retinal vein. These conditions include alterations of blood flow, altered viscosity of the blood, abnormalities of coagulation, and abnormalities of vess...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34528-0
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Krupin Eye Valve with Disk (Krupin disk) is a glaucoma shunt that incorporates a slit valve intended to minimize early postoperative hypotony. METHODS:The medical records of all patients who have undergone Krupin disk implantation at the Doheny Eye Institute between July 1990 and December 1992 (25 eyes ...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(13)31724-2
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the current level of formal training in ocular anesthesia provided to nonophthalmologist physicians, the rationale for this training or lack thereof, and the perceived need for this training by anesthesia residency training programs. METHODS:A two-page survey questionnaire was forwarded to all res...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31162-6
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study is to present evidence that some people with 20/200 visual acuity and a field of vision greater than 120 degrees can drive safely in the daytime at a speed of not more than 40 mph. Eight individuals with 20/200 visual acuity (legally blind) were tested for the distance at which they could re...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32704-7
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the factors that can predict the success of external needle revision of failing blebs. DESIGN:Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS:Forty-nine eyes of 43 patients who underwent a needle revision of a filtration bleb with 5-fluourouracil (5-FU) by one physician (SVLB) ...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)01016-8
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the advent of phacoemulsification, much interest has again been rekindled in extracapsular cataract surgery and its effects on the vitreoretinopathies associated in high myopia. Since 1972, 278 patients with high myopia greater than --7.50 D, as as determined by axial length echography, have been operated on by t...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35313-1
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 56-year-old white man presented with bilateral inferior lid tumors with a rubbery consistency suggesting lymphoid lesions. An excisional biopsy specimen of the larger lesion in the left lower lid led to routine pathologic, immunologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations. The tumor displayed a dif...
journal_title:Ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35138-5
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00