Abstract：
:The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in Drosophila larvae serves as an important model system to study synaptic vesicle recycling, plasticity, development, and organelle trafficking in nerve terminals. Here we provide a protocol that reliably localizes proteins subcellularly in this system in combination with good preservation of the ultrastructure of the NMJ. In this protocol, the NMJs are cut open to increase access of reagents to the interior of the synapse, stained with primary antibodies followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to Fluoronanogold particles to allow selection of the best-stained areas for electron microscopic (EM) analysis using confocal microscopy. To improve visualization at the EM level, the nanogold particles are silver enhanced. Good penetration of the antibodies in this protocol allows for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the labeling pattern from serial ultrathin sections. To explore the utility and resolution of this approach, we determined the ultrasturcutral localization of the cell adhesion molecule Fascicline II (Fas II) at rest using an antibody raised against the cytoplasmic epitope. We observed that Fas II-ir is accumulated at the cytoplasmic surfaces of pre- and postsynaptic elements of the synapse at equal distances from the membranes, thus supporting the model that it has a similar orientation in these opposing synaptic structures. Fas II-ir delineates active zones and is compartmentalized from CSP, Dap160, and Bruchpilot immunolabeling. We conclude that Fas II immunolabeling in Drosophila can be reliably used to evaluate changes in the size of the active zone region at rest in genetic and functional experiments.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Jiao W,Shupliakov A,Shupliakov Odoi
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.10.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-15 00:00:00pages
273-9issue
2eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
S0165-0270(09)00566-4journal_volume
185pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Glass plates coated with transparent thin film conductors of indium-tin oxide (ITO), 100 nm thick and 10 microns wide, have been successfully used to record spike potentials from neuronal monolayer cultures. The material is non-toxic to mammalian spinal neurons and is stable under warm culture medium. Laser-deinsulate...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(85)90105-0
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report an original method for implanting bone marrow stem cells within the spinal cord parenchyma. This method was used for the experimental treatment of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The methodology is reproducible and devoid of major complications even in patients showing significant spin...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.06.014
更新日期：2010-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The silanization of glass, particularly Pyrex, was studied using reaction conditions that might be applied in the fabrication of ion-sensitive microelectrodes of the liquid-membrane type. The efficacy was tested by measuring the hydrophobicity (contact angle) or electrical resistivity of the treated surface. Aminosila...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(83)90037-7
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to define the linearly dependent factors underlying sensory information processing in the vibrissal sensory area of the ventral posterior medial (VPM) thalamus in eight awake rats. Ensembles of up to 23 single neurons were simultaneously recorded in this area, either during...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00130-2
更新日期：1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroevolution comprises the use of evolutionary computation to define the architecture and/or to train artificial neural networks (ANNs). This strategy has been employed to investigate the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze, which is a widely used tool for studying anxiety in mice and rats. NEW MET...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assumptions upon which a correct interpretation of the t-test depends are rarely fulfilled by data from the neurosciences. This applies to both independent and correlated samples. The Mann-Whitney U-test is suggested as an alternative for the t-test for independent samples. The way in which significant results fro...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(83)90058-4
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently reported that in the learned helplessness model of depression, the less hippocampal spine synapses rats have, the more helpless they become. It remains unclear, however, whether the observed synaptic changes are associated with the loss of CA1 pyramidal cells. Cell bodies in the CA1 pyramidal layer ar...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.017
更新日期：2012-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for studying the process of regeneration in the frog sciatic nerve is presented. The outgrowth of sensory axons was determined by assaying the distribution of axonally transported radioactive proteins by fluorography of whole-mount nerve preparations. After labelling, the nerves were fixed at their in vivo le...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(86)90004-x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We characterised the dynamics in the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the rat electroretinogram (ERG) using a continuous complex Morlet wavelet transform. Dark-adapted (>12h) full field ERG responses were recorded from five anaesthetized (ketamine:xylazine, 60:5mg/kg) adult Long-Evans rats (10-12weeks). Five responses ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.12.007
更新日期：2008-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We have adapted techniques for studying the locomotion of tethered insects to analysis of rapid directional movements such as escape behavior. We describe here a computer-based motion tracking system that allows an animal to turn and run as rapidly as it does under free-ranging conditions, and that samples fast enough...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(95)00013-k
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a considerable amount of knowledge has been accumulated about the activity of individual nerve cells in the brain, little is known about their mutual interactions at the local level. The method presented in this paper allows the reconstruction of functional relations within a group of neurons as recorded by a...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(92)90061-h
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 kinase activity is required for toxicity in neuronal cell cultures suggesting that selective kinase inhibitors may prevent neurodegeneration in patients. Directly monitoring LRRK2 activity in cells would b...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.12.015
更新日期：2013-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are often corrupted with unintended artifacts which need to be removed for extracting meaningful clinical information from them. Typically a priori knowledge of the nature of the artifacts is needed for such purpose. Artifact contamination of EEG is even more prominent for ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.04.006
更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The LTP Program is a stimulation, acquisition and on-line analysis program for studying long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and stimulus-evoked synaptic responses in general. The program is freely available from the website: www.ltp-program.com. It is a 32-bit DOS program that runs on Windows 3/9...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00374-0
更新日期：2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Brain parcellation is important for exploiting neuroimaging data. Variability in physiology between individuals has led to the need for data-driven approaches to parcellation, with recent research focusing on simultaneously estimating and partitioning the network structure of the brain. NEW METHOD:We view d...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108628
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I describe here the successful visualization of interhemispheric callosal connections in the live mammalian cortex. The development of this method was prompted by the finding that fluorescent tracer labeling of groups of cortical neurons, when done under optimal conditions, is sufficiently intense to be visible even i...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(88)90137-9
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detecting brain structural changes from magnetic resonance (MR) images can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Many existing methods require an accurate deformation registration, which is difficult to achieve and therefore prevents them from obtaining high accuracy. We de...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.09.001
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Military personnel and civilians living in areas of armed conflict have increased risk of exposure to blast overpressures that can cause significant hearing loss and/or brain injury. The equipment used to simulate comparable blast overpressures in animal models within laboratory settings is typically very la...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.01.009
更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The brain generates signals in a wide frequency range (∼2840 Hz). Existing magnetoencephalography (MEG) methods typically detect brain activity in a median-frequency range (1-70 Hz). The objective of the present study was to develop a new method to utilize the frequency signatures for source imaging. NEW ME...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.10.007
更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The advantages of utilizing a microprocessor design kit as a central element in custom laboratory instrumentation are demonstrated in the design of a real-time, multiple point, tissue displacement monitor. The tissue sample to be monitored is submerged in a saline bath, through which perpendicular electric fields are ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(84)90066-9
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, we developed technology that coupled high-speed chronoamperometry with microejections of dopamine (DA) to measure DA clearance in the brains of freely-behaving rats. Here, by varying the ejection volumes of DA across a 200-fold difference, the kinetics of striatal clearance were analyzed as a function of t...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00229-7
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM) to Parkinsonian patients has shown beneficial effects in several clinical trials. However, further improvements in the transplantation technique are needed. Delayed surgery, i.e., the in vitro maintenance of the tissue prior to transplantation would present sev...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)90160-0
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a novel, low-cost device designed to monitor and modulate locomotor activity in murine subjects. This technology has immediate application to the study of effects of physical exercise on various neurobiological endpoints, and will also likely be useful in the study of psychomotor sensitization and dr...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.10.020
更新日期：2013-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are growing in popularity as a vertebrate model organism for the study of spinal neurocircuitry and locomotion. While many studies have used the zebrafish model system for electrophysiological analyses in embryonic and larval stages, there is a growing interest in studying spinal circ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.04.011
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra-cranial electroencephalographic recordings are increasingly employed in mice because of the availability of genetically manipulated mouse models. Currently, dental acrylic and anchoring screws are used to cement implanted electrodes. This technique works well for adult animals but often encounters difficulty whe...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell culture analyses of growth, morphology and apoptosis commonly require counting of different cell types stained with antibodies to discriminate between them. Previously, we reported the use of l-Leucine methyl ester (l-LME) to prepare purified cultures of type 1 astrocytes with minimal microglia, and staining by G...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.009
更新日期：2007-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Certain inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), affect neurons in large areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The selective expression of disease-causing and therapeutic genes in susceptible regions and cell types is critical for the generation of animal ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity-related hypertension is a clinical problem of major significance. The nature of the relationship between blood pressure and body weight has not been elucidated. Recent studies suggest that insulin (and/or insulin resistance) may be involved. An hypothesis is developed, based on the relationship between dietary...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(90)90056-l
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Steady-state visual-evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) generate weak SSVEP with a monitor and cannot use harmonic frequencies, whereas P300-based BCIs need multiple stimulation sequences. These issues can decrease the information transfer rate (ITR). NEW METHOD:In this paper, we...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.11.001
更新日期：2016-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin has a high degree of selectivity for cholinergic neurons within the basal forebrain (CBF). Intracerebroventricular delivery of 192 IgG-saporin results in a diffuse and massive depletion of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in projections of the CBF, and non-selective loss of Pur...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00057-6
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
