Abstract：
:The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) has remained an enigma for at least a century. There was considerable optimism that genetic linkage and genome-wide association (GWA) studies had identified genes causally responsible. However, the realisation that these genes make a relatively minor contribution to the development of CD has led to the acceptance of a 'missing heritability'. In contrast to the weak genetic effects, patients with CD almost without exception exhibit a gross phenotype, namely a profound systemic failure of the acute inflammatory response. This results in markedly delayed clearance of bacteria from the tissues, leading to local chronic granulomatous inflammation and compensatory adaptive immunological changes, as well as constitutional symptoms.
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
Sewell GW,Marks DJ,Segal AWdoi
10.1016/j.coi.2009.06.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
506-13issue
5eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
S0952-7915(09)00134-4journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Within a few years of the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their role in innate immunity, viral and bacterial proteins were recognized to antagonize TLR signal transduction. Since then, as TLR signaling networks were unraveled, microbial systems have been discovered that target nearly every component within...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.011
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune system function declines with age. Here we review and compare age-associated changes in murine and human B cell pools and humoral immune responses. We summarize changes in B cell generation and homeostasis, as well as notable changes at the subcellular level; then discuss how these changes help to explain alter...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2013.07.006
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent research has made great strides in uncovering the mechanisms by which the T helper 1 (Th1) cell gene expression program is established. In particular, studies examining the transcription factors T-bet, STAT1, and STAT4 have elucidated their roles in regulating Th1 signature genes, including Ifng, and have start...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.004
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence indicates that genes required for antigen processing are present in the class II region of the MHC. Two new classes of MHC genes that may encode much of the machinery required in the class I (endogenous) antigen-processing pathway have been discovered. There is evidence that genes required in the class...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(92)90128-2
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Distinctions between tumor necrosis factor, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin, TNF-beta, have previously been based on the differences between their protein sequences, biological activity, and molecular regulation. In the past year, elucidation of the molecular nature of the two molecules and the interactions with common rec...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(92)90084-r
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. The results of genome screens for asthma-related traits in 11 different populations identified at least 18 regions of the genome that probably house asthma/atopy genes. The most consistently replicated regions are on chromosomes ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(02)00393-x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestinal mucosa is continuously exposed to harmless exogenous antigens derived from food proteins and microbiota. Continuous surveillance by suppressive regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory responses to these antigens thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The nature of the antigenic pressure varies at ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are well known for their important role in shaping the secondary B cell repertoire to generate antibodies capable of binding with high-affinity and specificity to foreign antigens. Somatic hypermutation of the Ig variable region genes in GC B cells represents a highly efficient mechanism for gen...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.11.001
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological memory can be regulated during either its development or its maintenance phases. Controversy and confusion surround both methods of regulation, especially in the field of T-cell memory. Recent work has helped in improving our definition of 'a memory cell', but this has been complicated by another major p...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90122-8
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobials represent a broad class of chemicals with the intended purpose of eliminating or controlling the growth of harmful microorganisms. Exposure can occur occupationally or through the use or consumption of consumer products. The use of antimicrobial agents has been associated with an increased incidence of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.003
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress effector T (Teff) cells and prevent immune-mediated rejection of cancer. Much less appreciated are mechanisms by which Teff cells antagonize Treg cells. Herein, we consider how complex reciprocal interactions between Teff and Treg cells shape their population dynamics within tumors. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.02.003
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent developments in the field of immune memory research and the accumulating literature on age-related alterations in homeostasis, primary and memory T cell responses make it pertinent to address whether and how memory responses are affected by aging with regard to their generation, maintenance, and protective func...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2010.06.011
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insects are particularly resistant to microorganisms. Their host-defense system relies on several innate reactions: upon injury, the immediate onset of two proteolytic cascades leading to localized blood clotting and to melanization, the latter process involving production of cytotoxic molecules (namely reactive oxyge...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80022-0
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent findings have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism by which the potent immunosuppressive drug rapamycin inhibits cytokine-dependent lymphocyte proliferation. The protein targeted by the immunophilin-rapamycin complex is a member of a newly defined family of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80172-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A marked increase in the susceptibility to cutaneous infections and malignancies has been observed in older humans indicating that cutaneous immunity becomes defective with age. In this review we will focus on recent developments in the understanding of age-related changes in immune function of the skin with a particu...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.05.008
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the establishment of methods to isolate genes encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte defined tumor antigens, several antigens have been identified and characterized for suitability as target antigens for immunotherapy. The development of innovative strategies to generate T cells targeting these antigens and lessons lea...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80052-0
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:V(D)J recombination not only comprises the molecular mechanism that insures diversity of the immune system but also constitutes a critical checkpoint in the developmental program of B and T lymphocytes. The analysis of human patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) has enabled (and will enable in the fut...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00101-8
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A little more than a decade after the explosion of research into recombinant live-attenuated or replication-deficient viruses as vaccine platforms, many viral vector-based vaccines have been licensed for animals. Progress has been slower for humans but 2011 will see the licensure of the first viral-vectored vaccine fo...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.03.006
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants have the capacity to recognise and reject pathogens at various stages of their attempted colonisation of the plant. Non-specific rejection often arises as a consequence of the potential pathogen's attempt to breach the first lines of plant defence. Pathogens able to penetrate beyond this barrier of non-host res...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2003.11.016
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Typical immune responses lead to the prominent clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells followed by their differentiation into effector cells. Most effector cells die at the end of the immune response but some of the responding cells survive and form long-lived memory cells. The factors controlling the formation a...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00211-9
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Commensal bacterial communities residing within the intestinal lumen of mammals have evolved to flourish in this microenvironment. To preserve this niche, commensal bacteria act with the host to prevent colonization by invasive pathogens that induce inflammation and disrupt the intestinal niche commensal bacteria occu...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.03.003
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the CD1 antigen-presenting system reveals that T cells survey the lipid content of target cells via T-cell receptor (TCR) contact with CD1 bound to lipids, glycolipids and small molecules. Recently, CD1 proteins have been found to present mycobacterial lipopeptides that are involved in scavenging iron...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.006
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conceptually, a universal influenza vaccine should elicit broadly protective antibody responses targeting highly conserved epitope(s) shared by various virus strains. Strategically directing antibody immunity to the conserved hemagglutinin stalk has recently emerged as a promising approach that is substantiated by the...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.020
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent findings indicate that activated T lymphocytes, showing restricted T-cell receptor repertoire and a Th1-like profile of cytokine production, are responsible for macrophage activation and release of inflammatory cytokines, toxic oxygen metabolites and nitric oxide, which initiate and maintain the transmural inte...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80180-x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies specific for defined peptide-MHC complexes are now being used to physically detect T-cell receptor ligands. These reagents have resulted in the identification of the cells that present antigen in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues after various forms of antigen administration. In addition, recent ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2003.11.001
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer results from a tumor cell intrinsic dysregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor and stability genes as well as from the avoidance of immunosurveillance. A complex network of cellular interactions allows one to mount cognate anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, discoveries have been made regarding the links b...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.02.003
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines have been developed and deployed against several important bacterial pathogens of humans, including Neisseria meningitidis, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These vaccines are generally considered a successful public health measure and are effective at controlling...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.04.002
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Co-receptors have been shown to regulate the antigen-receptor signaling threshold for B cell responses by modulating the activation of signaling molecules that are essential for transmitting a signal through the antigen-receptor. Co-receptors appear to modulate the signaling threshold for B cell tolerance distinctly f...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(99)80041-7
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an enormously successful human pathogen that can infect its host for decades without causing clinical disease, only to reactivate when host immunity is compromised. A normal immune response thus contains bacterial spread without inducing sterilizing immunity, therefore benefitting both ho...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.06.002
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A subfamily of serine proteases is uniquely expressed by cytotoxic natural killer lymphocytes and T cells. Protease cleavage of different natural substrates is now implicated in the cytotoxic mechanisms of target cell membrane pore formation, DNA fragmentation and cytostasis. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(93)90086-8
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
