Abstract:
:Batch hydrolysis kinetics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) xylan and its associated acetyl groups in dilute sulfuric acid have been measured for acid concentrations of between 0.04 and 0.18M and temperatures of between 100 and 170 degrees C. Only 5% of the cellulose was hydrolyzed for up to 85% xylan removal. Rate data were correlated well by a parallel reaction model based on the existence of reactive and resistant xylan portions. The resulting rate equation predicts the experimental xylan concentrations in the residue to within 10%. Hydrolysis of xylan-associated acetyl groups was found to occur at the same rate as that of xylan, except at 100 degrees C, where acetyl is released preferentially. No effect of acid concentration on the rate of acetyl removal relative to that of xylan was evident.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Maloney MT,Chapman TW,Baker AJdoi
10.1002/bit.260270321subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-03-01 00:00:00pages
355-61issue
3eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In large-scale mammalian cell culture, the key toxic by-products assessed and monitored are lactate and ammonia. Often no distinction between the two isoforms of lactate is made. Here, we present profiles of both D- and L-lactate. D-Lactate is the end molecule of the methylglyoxal pathway. D-Lactate unlike L-lactate i...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22757
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-targeted Salmonella VNP20009 preferentially replicate within tumor tissue and partially suppress tumor growth in murine tumor models. These Salmonella have the ability to locally induce apoptosis when they are in direct contact with cancer cells but they lack significant bystander killing, which may correlate wi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26026
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autotrophic or mixotrophic use of one-carbon (C1) compounds is gaining importance for sustainable bioproduction. In an effort to integrate the reductive glycine pathway (rGP) as a highly promising pathway for the assimilation of CO2 and formate, genes coding for glycine synthase system from Gottschalkia acidurici were...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27658
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Regenerative medicine has emerged as an important discipline that aims to repair injury or replace damaged tissues or organs by introducing living cells or functioning tissues. Successful regenerative medicine strategies will likely depend upon a simultaneous optimization strategy for the design of biomaterials, cell-...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26452
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperacute rejection following xenogeneic transplantation in primates is mediated by naturally occurring IgM antibodies, which are specifically directed to alpha-Galactosyl residues on many nonprimate mammalian cells. Current approaches to remove these anti-alphaGal IgM include plasmapheresis followed by immunoaffinit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10555
更新日期:2003-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to coal surfaces has been studied. Adsorption experiments were conducted on coal samples from eight different Eastern coal fields. In all cases the adsorption process was at least 90% complete within the first two minutes following inoculation. The results of these experimen...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260280402
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven different supports were compared in solid-phase S(N)Ar and S(N)2 macrocyclization reactions. Product purities were assayed for a relatively facile ring-closure process to give products 1 and 3. Some less-facile ring-closure reactions give the undesired dimeric macrocyclization by-products 2; some of these more-d...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(200024)71:1<3::aid-bit2>3.
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive study of the application of continuous zone electrophoresis to preparative separation of proteins in free solution is presented. First, the influence of electric field strength, buffer residence time in the chamber, sample flow rate, and sample concentration on separation resolution and throughput were...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260420707
更新日期:1993-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::A novel strategy for the maximum production of a biodegradable copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyric-co-hydroxyvaleric) acid, P(HB-co-HV), was developed, based on the kinetic parameters obtained from fed-batch culture experiments of Alcaligenes eutrophus. The effects of various culture conditions such as mole ratio of carb...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol-producing bioreactors employing cells of Zymomonas mobilis attached to glass-fiber pads were operated continuously for as long as 28 days. Ethanol production, which is related to bed-associated biomass levels, was found to occur in three distinct phases: an exponential phase, a linear phase, and a "steady-stat...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260240306
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we describe a model that estimates the extracellular (nonfungal) and overall water contents of wheat grains during solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus oryzae, using on-line measurements of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor in the gas phase. The model uses elemental balances to predict s...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0290(20000120)72:2<231::aid-bit11>3.0
更新日期:2001-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Protein glycosylation, or the attachment of sugar moieties (glycans) to proteins, is important for protein stability, activity, and immunogenicity. However, understanding the roles and regulations of site-specific glycosylation events remains a significant challenge due to several technological limitations. These limi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26502
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated, primitive cells with important potential applications including the replacement of neural tissue lost due to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, as well as brain and spinal cord injuries, including stroke. We have developed methods to rapidly expand...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20246
更新日期:2004-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression microarrays are a relatively new technology, dating back just a few years, yet they have already become a very widely used tool in biology, and have evolved to a wide range of applications well beyond their original design intent. However, while the use of microarrays has expanded, and the issues of pe...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bit.10847
更新日期:2003-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Pretreatment methods were compared with steam explosion, and differing views on the relative importance of mechanical and chemical effects were outlined. Hydrolysis was desirable; pyrolysis was undesirable. The effects of initial moisture content on steam consumption, mechanism and rate of heat transfer, pentosan solu...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260290213
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A transient, two-culture model simulating methane production from biomass has been developed. The simulator, based partially on the work by Andrews and McCarty, is capable of calculating the hydrolysis products of several common organic materials, accommodating various substrate feeding modes, and simulating the trans...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260240903
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biosensors with animal and microbial cells immobilized close to the tip of a membrane electrode have been developed for chemical and drug testing. Our experimental results show that biosensors can be used for drug screening and to provide useful information about various cell-chemical interactions. A computer aided an...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260310311
更新日期:1988-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of Bacillus subtilis to a shear rate of 1,482/s leads to a rapid loss of cell viability after 10 h of growth. Biochemical and molecular evidences provided below strongly suggest that cell death under high shear results from an apoptosis-like process similar to that described in eukaryotes, with activation of ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20835
更新日期:2006-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a macrokinetic and quantitative microbial investigation of a continuously operating bench-scale biofilter treating styrene-polluted gases. The device was filled with a mixture of peat and glass beads as packing medium and inoculated with the styrene-oxidizing strain, Rhodococcus rhodochrous AL NCIMB 13259...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10640
更新日期:2003-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host cell line for the production of biopharmaceuticals, a growing industry currently worth more than $188 billion USD in global sales. CHO cells undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) following different stresses encountered in cell culture, such as substrate l...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bit.27269
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design of new generation bioprocessing plants is increasingly dependent on the design of process-compatible microorganisms. The latter, whether through genetic or physiological manipulations, can be greatly assisted by metabolic engineering. An emerging powerful tool in metabolic engineering research is computer-a...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/3<267::aid-b
更新日期:1998-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The direct microbial conversion (DMC) process for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is limited by low volumetric ethanol production rates due to the low cell densities of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum which is a key organism for ethanol production in this process. Hence, this study focuses on ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260341008
更新日期:1989-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Disulfide-rich peptides isolated from cone snails are of great interest as drug leads due to their high specificity and potency toward therapeutically relevant ion channels and receptors. They commonly contain the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif comprising three disulfide bonds forming a knotted core. Here we repor...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25993
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil using Chromobacterium viscosum lipase B encapsulated in reversed micelles of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane was investigated in an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane reactor of tubular type, operating in a batch mode. Water concentration was found to be a critical ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260410802
更新日期:1993-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::A gene for ethionine resistance isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DKD-5D-H conferred on the yeast cells resistance to seleno-L-methionine and capability to produce S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the cells. An enzymatic study of the L-methionine synthetic pathway of L-methionine proto- and auxotrophs and in ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260351107
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Recent publications of genomic sequencing data from the Chinese Hamster (CGR) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells provide new tools for the discovery of novel miRNAs in this important production system. ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25539
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate the sensitivity of hepatocellular cultures to variations in both substrate stiffness and bioactive ligand presentation, hepatocytes were cultured on differentially compliant polyacrylamide gel discs functionalized with varying amounts of the ECM ligand, fibronectin (FN). Subconfluent cell cultures...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20328
更新日期:2005-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Two shock loads of a commercial detergent (I-150 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L, fed for 56 h; II-300 mg COD/L fed for 222 h) were applied in a lab-scale Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket (EGSB) reactor, fed with 1,500 mg COD/L of ethanol. The impact of the surfactant was assessed in terms of granular sludge morphol...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21381
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of diffusion of serum albumin (MW 6.9 x 10(4) D) out of beads of calcium alginate gels depends upon the concentration and uronic acid composition of the alginate (ManA/GulA ratio), the conditions under which the beads are produced, the pH, and the temperature. The diffusion coefficient decreases with increasi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260390210
更新日期:1992-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::A facile methodology has been developed for covalently derivatizing the surfaces of common materials with a designed antibacterial polycation, poly(vinyl-N-pyridinium bromide), wherein the first, key step involves surface coating with a nanolayer of silica. Various commercial synthetic polymers derivatized in this man...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10299
更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00