Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Increased, decreased, as well as unchanged pituitary volumes have been reported in bipolar disorders (BD). It is unclear, whether abnormal pituitary volumes increase vulnerability for BD (primary vulnerability marker), or are secondary to burden of illness. To address this question, we performed the first high-risk study of pituitary volumes in affected and unaffected relatives of bipolar subjects. METHOD:High-risk participants (age range 15-30 years) were recruited from families multiply affected with BD and included 24 unaffected, 19 affected subjects with first or second degree bipolar I or II relative, matched by age and sex with 31 controls without a personal or family history of psychiatric disorders. Pituitary volumes were measured on 1.5 T 3D anatomical MRI images using standard methods. RESULTS:We found comparable pituitary volumes among unaffected, affected relatives of bipolar patients and controls. There were no differences in pituitary volumes between male and female subjects nor was there any sex by group interaction. Analyzing 26 participants with bipolar I parent or excluding 5 medicated subjects did not change the results. There were no differences between subjects from families containing bipolar I versus families containing only bipolar II subjects. CONCLUSIONS:The lack of abnormalities in unaffected and also affected subjects early in the course of illness in our study, as well as previous investigations of bipolar and familial unipolar children and adolescents, suggest that pituitary volume abnormalities are unlikely to be a primary risk factor for mood disorders.
journal_name
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosciauthors
Hajek T,Gunde E,Bernier D,Slaney C,Propper L,Macqueen G,Duffy A,Alda Mdoi
10.1007/s00406-008-0804-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
357-62issue
6eissn
0940-1334issn
1433-8491journal_volume
258pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The main goal of the present study was to explore whether regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differs between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients without chronic motor tic disorder and those OCD patients with a comorbid chronic tic disorder. Twenty-seven patients suffering from OCD (DSM-IV criteria), includin...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004060050081
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with familial loading as heritable risk factor and cannabis abuse as the most relevant environmental risk factor up to date. Cannabis abuse has been related to an earlier onset of the disease and persisting cannabis consumption is associated with reduced symptom impr...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-013-0451-y
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite clues indicating high Bullying at the Work Place (BWP) rates in French hospitals, there has been no quantitative study so far. To determine the prevalence of repeated BWP in a national sample of French young physicians; its risk factors, and the mental health consequences of BWP. The study is a cross-sectional...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-020-01144-9
更新日期：2020-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Eating disorders and, in particular, anorexia nervosa (AN) have morbidity and mortality rates that are among the highest of any mental disorders and are associated with significant functional impairment. More than 25 years ago, several researchers hypothesised that the prerequisite for the development of AN was a fami...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-011-0246-y
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All operationalized diagnostic systems contain a diagnostic category, which corresponds to the concept of major depression. Yet, these corresponding definitions are not identical. Up to now, no comprehensive comparisons of the competing diagnoses have been published. We will therefore present a series of studies, desc...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02189537
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A consensus group consisting of 36 experts representing 20 leading German specialist societies and patient self-help organizations developed evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders in Germany. These were based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on anxiety disorders (n ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-014-0563-z
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the functional psychoses of late life, epidemiological information comes from two sources: studies of persons who have reached psychiatric services; and surveys of elderly persons sampled from the general population. A conspectus of published data from both sources leads to the following conclusions: States phenom...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02900214
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family history and psychosocial background factors were studied in married patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (n = 17, partners n = 16), married patients with diabetes (n = 10, partners n = 10) and married healthy individuals (n = 8, partners n = 8). The two latter groups were comparison con...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02188956
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the level of currency necessary to induce an epileptic seizure in a patient may either remain relatively stable or-more often-may require repeated upward adjustment over time due to a constantly increasing seizure threshold. We aimed to determine whether a common pol...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-016-0744-z
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While impairments in executive functions have been well established in major depressive disorder (MDD), specific deficits in proactive control have scarcely been studied so far. Proactive control refers to cognitive processes during anticipation of a behaviorally relevant event that facilitate readiness to react. In t...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-018-0956-5
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 259 female inpatients with bipolar spectrum disorders, of whom 26 (10%) were schizoaffective. Of the remaining 233, 61 (27%) met our conservatively set criteria for index mixed episodes (simultaneous presence of depressive and manic syndromes). These patients with rigorously defined mixed states were, in tu...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02191568
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is a relatively new approach in the treatment of chronic depression (CD). Adapted as group psychotherapy for inpatients, CBASP is attracting increasing attention. In this naturalistic multicenter trial, we investigated its feasibility after 10 sessions ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0843-5
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the original data from two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and the acute phase of a long-term study that investigated the antidepressant efficacy of St. John's wort extract WS 5570, we present a re-analysis of a subset of patients suffering from an acute episode of mild depression...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-007-0779-2
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These lesions occur not only in demented individuals with AD but also in non-demented persons. In non-demented individuals, amyloid and neuritic plaques are usually ac...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-013-0449-5
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anger is a common and potentially destructive emotion that has considerable social and public health importance. The occurrence of anger, irritability and hostility in depression have been known for many years, but the prevalence, significance for treatment and prognosis and the mechanisms involved remain poorly under...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-004-0539-5
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Affective and non-affective psychoses are severe and frequent psychiatric disorders. Amongst others, they not only have a profound impact on affected individuals through their symptomatology, but also regarding cognition, brain structure and function. Cognitive impairment influences patients' quality of life as well a...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although a number of studies have reported on the association between obsessional personality features as measured by the Munich Personality Test (MPT) "Rigidity" scale and depression, there has been no examination of these relationships in a non-clinical sample. METHODS:The dimensional scores on the MPT we...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004060170043
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Besides the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens as the most investigated brain reward structures, several reports about the relation between volume and activity of the amygdala and drug-seeking behavior have emphasized the central role of the amygdala in the etiology of addiction. Considering its proposed...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-010-0129-7
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deficit syndrome is thought to be specific to and a subtype of schizophrenia; however, there are scarce or no data on the prevalence and characteristics of this syndrome in non-schizophrenic psychoses. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and correlates of different types of negative symptoms (NegS)...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-004-0464-7
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in psychopathological research advocate a personality-centred model of common mental disorders (CMD). We tested four hypotheses to test such a model. First, personality relates to critical life events; second, both personality and critical life events relate to CMD; third, interaction effects between personal...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0796-8
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) [13] has come into use in several European countries, its diagnostic validity has not yet been sufficiently examined. That is why we have assessed BSABS items on a sample of 243 consecutive admissions to the Department of Psychiatry at the RWTH Unive...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02189116
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was carried out involving 134 neurotic-depressive inpatients (according to ICD-9) treated with cognitive behaviour therapy and in a subgroup additionally with antidepressants. Using standardized rating instruments, a large set of potential predictor variables was tested. After cross-validation according to the...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02190390
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decreased availability of serotonin in the central nervous system has been suggested to be a central factor in the pathogenesis of depression. Activation of indoleamine 2-3 dioxygenase following a pro-inflammatory state could reduce the amount of tryptophan converted to serotonin and increase the production of tryptop...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-016-0731-4
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An international, multicentre, double blind parallel group study compared the tolerability and efficacy of moclobemide with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine for panic disorder. SSRIs have been shown effective for panic. The target dose of moclobemide was 450 mg and of fluoxetine was 20 mg. ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/pl00014164
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific symptom severity and D2/3 receptor availability in extrastriatal regions in outpatients with schizophrenia to shed light on the role of extrastriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of symptoms of schizophrenia. Sixtee...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0821-y
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is becoming the guiding principle for clinical treatment decisions. But evidence remains a loosely defined term. Multiple criteria for evidence criteria have been proposed. Most influential evidence criteria give priority to meta-analyses because they promise an objective procedure to com...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-009-0068-3
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research on neuropsychological disturbances in first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients has provided mixed results which can be partially attributed to methodological inconsistencies. For the present study, 70 schizophrenic patients (40 with chronic and 30 with first-episode schizophrenia) were compar...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004060200006
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, many patients still do not benefit. This study investigates whether a history of traumatic event experience is negatively associated with outcomes of CBT for panic disorder. The moderating role of the monoamine oxida...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0823-9
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three adult schizophrenic patients without a previous history of epilepsy are reported who, during clozapine treatment, developed paroxysmal EEG patterns and generalized myoclonic jerks without alteration of consciousness. These seizures were phenomenologically identical to those occurring in juvenile myoclonic epilep...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02279769
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate tardive dyskinesia (TD) (prevalence and possible risk factors, pharmacological and clinical), in a population of schizophrenic patients after prolonged institutionalization. A total of 148 patients (80 male, 68 female) aged between 28 and 87 years (mean 55, SD 11) diagnosed accord...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02190085
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
