Abstract:
:Wide-field cone bipolar cells with sparse dendritic branching and proposed connectivity to blue cones were first identified in rabbit and cat. In rabbit, these were subdivided into type a (wa) and type b (wb), with axonal branching in sublamina a, and sublamina b, respectively, of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Recent studies in rabbit support the earlier hypothesis of exclusive blue/short wavelength cone connectivity for both types. The homologues of wb cells (but not wa cells) have been identified in other mammals. The axonal branching of wa cone bipolar cells is shown to co-stratify with the dendrites of the "fiducial," type a starburst amacrine cell, although a few branches extend into sublamina b. The axon terminal of wb cone bipolar cells is shown to be narrowly stratified in stratum 5alpha, deep to the dendrites of the type b starburst amacrine cell. Rabbit ganglion cells postsynaptic to wa cells are unknown, but may include class III.2a cells, similarly stratified in the IPL. The wb axon terminal is shown here to co-stratify with and to make close, likely synaptic, contacts with the dendrites of a recently described morphological subtype of class II ganglion cell in rabbit retina, IIb2. Recent morpho-physiological correlation indicates that class IIb2 cells correspond to the blue-ON-center-X or ON-brisk-sustained ganglion cells, defined physiologically in rabbit. In contrast, the wb cell in cat retina must innervate the physiologically identified blue-ON-center-sluggish-sustained ganglion cell. In monkey retina, the wb-like bipolar cells apparently innervate a small, partly bi-stratified ganglion cell. Mammals share a common pathway from short-wavelength-sensitive (S/blue) cone photoreceptors to ON-center ganglion cells in sublamina b of the IPL, in the form of wb or wb-like cone bipolar cells, but the type of ganglion cell innervated appears to be particular, and may serve different functional roles in different mammalian orders.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Famiglietti EVdoi
10.1017/S0952523808080061subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
53-66issue
1eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523808080061journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To investigate the influence of voltage-sensitive conductances in shaping light-evoked responses of retinal bipolar cells, whole-cell recordings were made in the slice preparation of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. To study contrast encoding, the retina was stimulated with 0.5-s steps of negative and positiv...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523803201036
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neighboring retinal ganglion cells often spike synchronously, but the possible function and mechanism of this synchrony is unclear. Recently, the strength of the fast correlation between ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the rabbit retina was shown to be stimulus dependent. Here, we extend that study, investigat...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070757
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, we introduced a phototransduction model that was able to account for the reproducibility of vertebrate rod single-photon responses (SPRs) (Hamer et al., 2003). The model was able to reproduce SPR statistics by means of stochastic activation and inactivation of rhodopsin (R*), transducin (G alpha ), and phosp...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805224045
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to compare standard multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) pattern-reversal responses with those produced by pattern-onset, pattern-offset, and pulsed pattern stimuli. mfVEP recordings were obtained from five normal subjects using VERIS and a 4-electrode array. The standard rev...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080954
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for determining whether medical device manufacturers have provided reasonable assurance, based on valid scientific evidence, that new devices are safe and effective for their intended use before they are introduced into the U.S. market. Most existing color vision d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523804213256
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233546
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012396
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000374
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001141x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005496
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899162163
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010531
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast adaptation occurs in both the retina and the cortex. Defining its spatial dependence is crucial for understanding its potential roles. We thus asked to what degree contrast adaptation depends on spatial frequency, including cross-adaptation. Measuring the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the visual evoked...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802195095
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070393
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal cells and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are interconnected by a complex network of synapses leading to the generation of color-coded responses in chromaticity horizontal cells. A simple cascade model of excitatory feedforward and inhibitory feedback synapses had been suggested to underlie the...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898146047
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has revealed multiple pathways for cross-orientation suppression in cat and human vision. In particular, ipsiocular and interocular pathways appear to assert their influence before binocular summation in human but have different (1) spatial tuning, (2) temporal dependencies, and (3) adaptation after-effect...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380808070X
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this work was to provide a detailed quantitative description of the receptive-field properties of one of the types of rarely encountered retinal ganglion cells of cat; the cell named the Q-cell by Enroth-Cugell et al. (1983). Quantitative comparisons are made between the discharge statistics and between th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007975
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002832
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbance spectra of cone outer segments and oil droplets were recorded microspectrophotometrically in the retina of the red-eared turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. There are four cone visual pigments, with lambda(max) = 617 nm (red sensitive), 515 nm (green sensitive), 458 nm (blue sensitive), and 372 nm (UV-sensit...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801185081
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vision begins with photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal to the all-trans conformation within the chromophore-binding pocket of opsin, leading to activation of a biochemical cascade. Release of all-trans retinal from the binding pocket curtails but does not fully quench the ability of opsin to activate transducin. All-...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523809090105
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multifocal VEP (mfVEP) responses were obtained from 13 normal human subjects for nine test conditions, covering three viewing conditions (dichoptic and left and right monocular), and three different temporal stimulation forms (rapid contrast reversal, rapid pattern pulse presentation, and slow pattern pulse presentati...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805221053
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007136
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether regenerating mature axons recapitulate embryonic features essential to successful reconnectivity within the injured nervous system. Strips from embryonic and adult chick retinae were cultured, and outgrowing axons were examined morphometrically and immunohistochemically. In addition, the target...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002558
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800175145
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the arthropod medulla, which is the second ganglion on the afferent visual pathway, a column of about 40 cells represents each point in space (i.e. compound eye facet). Some stages of visual processing underlying the responses of one class of cells in the locust medulla have been identified. These transient cells g...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004831
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess the plasticity of human voluntary fixational eye movement control in relation to visual experience/chronic visual deprivation. Twelve blind adults participated (self-reported vision < or = light perception in each eye; age range = 23-56 years; visual experience range = 0-28 years; b...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802194090
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent projections comprise a universal feature of cerebral organization. Here, we show that the corticofugal projections from the striate cortex (VI) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) robustly and multiplicatively enhance the responses of parvocellular neurons, stimulated by gratings restricted to the classi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800174012
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amacrine cells are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of inhibitory interneurons. Morphologically, they have been divided into approximately 30 types. Although this diversity is probably important to the fine structure and function of the retinal circuit, the amacrine cells have been more generally divid...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000028
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibition of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic amacrine cells by glycine and GABA was studied using an in vivo eyecup preparation in anesthetized rabbits. Glycine (1 mM) had no effect on basal ACh release, but completely blocked the light-evoked release of ACh. Glycine also blocked the strong poten...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898156067
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171172
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00