Properties of stimulus-dependent synchrony in retinal ganglion cells.

abstract：:The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the lateral eye and brain of the horseshoe crab was investigated with histochemical means using standard controls to eliminate butyrylcholinesterase and nonspecific staining. Intense staining was observed in the neural plexus of the lateral compound eye, in the latera...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Hornstein EP,Sambursky DL,Chamberlain SC

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychophysical research has documented the existence of three processes in light adaptation: a fast subtractive process, a divisive process that is fast at light onset and slower at light offset, and a very slow subtractive process (Hayhoe et al., 1987). In the neural model developed here, the fast subtractive process...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wilson HR

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four experiments were performed to assess the effects of ON channel blockade with the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on brightness and contrast perception in monkeys. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that stimuli brighter than background (incremental stimuli) appear less bright following ON channel ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Dolan RP,Schiller PH

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multifocal VEP (mfVEP) responses were obtained from 13 normal human subjects for nine test conditions, covering three viewing conditions (dichoptic and left and right monocular), and three different temporal stimulation forms (rapid contrast reversal, rapid pattern pulse presentation, and slow pattern pulse presentati...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： James AC,Ruseckaite R,Maddess T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in striate cortex of four macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation at ages 1, 1, 5, and 12 weeks. These animal experiments were performed to guide our interpretation of CO patterns in occipital lobe specimens obtained from two children who died several years after monocu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Horton JC,Hocking DR

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One striking transformation in response properties that occurs in the geniculo-cortical pathway is the appearance of a high degree of orientation selectivity in the cortex. This property may be conceived as arising purely from the excitatory inputs to the cell, as being structured largely by the inhibition a cortical ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Volgushev M,Pei X,Vidyasagar TR,Creutzfeldt OD

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nickla DL,Gottlieb MD,Marin G,Rojas X,Britto LR,Wallman J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Oliveira FG,Coimbra JP,Yamada ES,Montag LF,Nascimento FL,Oliveira VA,da Mota DL,Bittencourt AM,da Silva VL,da Costa BL

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Linking propositions have played an important role in refining our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Over the last 40 years, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been used in many different ways to address questions of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Thi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Norcia AM

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As in rabbit, gerbil, and rat, the guinea pig interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus, posterior bundle (INSFp) is a sparse assemblage of neurons scattered among the fibers forming the fasciculus bearing this name. Most of the INSFp neurons are small and are ovoid in shape. Interspersed among these, are a few ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Benassi C,Biral GP,Lui F,Porro CA,Corazza R

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Sankeralli MJ,Mullen KT

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During their complex life history, anguilliform eels go through a major metamorphosis when developing from a fresh water yellow eel into a deep-sea silver eel. In addition to major changes in body morphology, the visual system also adapts from a fresh water teleost duplex retina with rods and cones, to a specialized d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bowmaker JK,Semo M,Hunt DM,Jeffery G

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinae of the crab Leptograpsus which had been maintained on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle were cultured in vitro and exposed to 1 microM okadaic acid (OKA) at 0.75 h before light onset. Control retinae were subjected to the same routine and sampled at the same times without OKA treatment. At the concentration used, O...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Blest AD,Carter M,Clausen JA,Stowe S,Trowell SC,Tsukitani Y

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nieder A,Wagner H

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The entire population of ganglion cells in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus was labeled by retrograde transport of a lysine-fixable biotinylated dextran amine of 3000 molecular weight. Synaptic connections between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer were quantitatively analyzed, with ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Zhu BS,Gibbins IL

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The representation of the visual field in the part of area 17 containing neurons that project axons across the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere was defined in the cat. Of 1424 sites sampled along 77 electrode tracks, 768 proved to be in the callosal sending zone, which was identified by retrograde trans...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Payne BR

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osborne NN,Block F,Sontag KH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cohen AI,Blazynski C

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Battelle BA,Andrews AW,Kempler KE,Edwards SC,Smith WC

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunohistochemical techniques were used to survey the distribution of several conventional transmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the pigeon nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), a component of the accessory optic system. Amongst the conventional neurotransmitters/modulators, the most intense labeling of fib...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Britto LR,Hamassaki DE,Keyser KT,Karten HJ

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cox CL,Beatty JA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in the superficial layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) exhibit distinct tuning properties for visual stimuli, but, unlike neurons in the geniculocortical visual pathway, most respond best to visual stimuli that are smaller than the classical receptive field (RF). The mechanism underlying this size ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Razak KA,Pallas SL

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to loc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Blute TA,Mayer B,Eldred WD

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to compare standard multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) pattern-reversal responses with those produced by pattern-onset, pattern-offset, and pulsed pattern stimuli. mfVEP recordings were obtained from five normal subjects using VERIS and a 4-electrode array. The standard rev...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fortune B,Demirel S,Bui BV

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Breitmeyer BG,Ziegler R,Hauske G

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In human subjects, the blind spot is perceptually filled-in by color and brightness from the surrounding visual field. The present behavioral study examined the occurrence of color filling-in at the blind spot in monkeys. First, the location of the blind spot was determined using a monocular saccade task. The blind sp...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Komatsu H,Murakami I

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vision begins with photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal to the all-trans conformation within the chromophore-binding pocket of opsin, leading to activation of a biochemical cascade. Release of all-trans retinal from the binding pocket curtails but does not fully quench the ability of opsin to activate transducin. All-...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Isayama T,McCabe England SL,Crouch RK,Zimmerman AL,Makino CL

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For over 30 years there has been a controversy over whether color-defined motion can be perceived by the human visual system. Some results suggest that there is no chromatic motion mechanism at all, whereas others do find evidence for a purely chromatic motion mechanism. Here we examine the chromatic input to global m...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ruppertsberg AI,Wuerger SM,Bertamini M

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rod and cone photoresponses in a variety of species have been accurately described with linear multistage filter models. In this study, the response latency and initial coding of intensity at two higher levels of visual processing are related to such photoreceptor responses. One level is the retinal output (spiking di...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Donner K

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Feitosa-Santana C,Oiwa NN,Paramei GV,Bimler D,Costa MF,Lago M,Nishi M,Ventura DF

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00