Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In contrast to patients at risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia or mechanically ventilated patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia is a relatively new clinical entity that includes a spectrum of adult patients who have close association with acute care hospitals or reside in chronic care settings that increase their risk for pneumonia caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Multi-drug-resistant pathogens include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter species. New guidelines for the management and prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia from the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America were published in 2005 and are highlighted in this article. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent data indicate that types of multi-drug-resistant pathogens may vary in different healthcare settings, and that individuals infected with multi-drug-resistant pathogens are more likely to receive inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy, which may result in poorer outcomes in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and increased length of hospital stay. SUMMARY:This review highlights key points in the new recommendations and principles for initiating, de-escalating and stopping antibiotic therapy in individuals with healthcare-associated pneumonia. Widespread implementation of these guidelines is needed in healthcare institutions in order to reduce patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
journal_name
Curr Opin Infect Disjournal_title
Current opinion in infectious diseasesauthors
Craven DEdoi
10.1097/01.qco.0000216626.05821.40subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
153-60issue
2eissn
0951-7375issn
1473-6527pii
00001432-200604000-00007journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative microorganisms has alarmingly increased in the past 10 years worldwide. Infections caused by these microorganisms are difficult to treat, especially in critically ill patients.The present review examines how to accurately predict which patients carry a grea...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000599
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sepsis is an inflammatory condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given the lack of specific therapies for the condition, prevention has garnered significant interest and increased importance. The article reviews the current literature regarding the use of aspirin and statins fo...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283520ed7
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bronchiectasis is an under-appreciated cause of chronic lung disease in the USA. We highlight developments in diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating disease. RECENT FINDINGS:A possible link between gastroesophageal reflux and development of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease was highligh...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f4f237
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to provide an update of nonantibiotic therapies for acute gastroenteritis (AGE), focusing on antiemetics and probiotics. RECENT FINDINGS:The mainstay of therapy for nonsevere AGE remains oral rehydration therapy (ORT). Recent randomized controlled trials and metaanalyses hav...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000670
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The success of male circumcision in reducing HIV acquisition among African heterosexuals has led to renewed interest in this biological intervention for HIV/sexually transmissible infection (STI) prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). This review summarizes the available data on the associatio...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328334e54d
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preventive chemotherapy is advocated for the global control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Despite the well known short-term benefits of treating patients for schistosomiasis, the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns to control the disease in the long term remains unresolved. RECEN...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000312
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV infection profoundly impairs the immune mechanisms needed to control and clear Leishmania infection, and outcomes in patients with HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis are poor. This review summarizes recent work describing the epidemiology, presentation and outcomes of HIV-associated visceral le...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835c2198
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis in childhood is an important cause of mortality worldwide. The disease is difficult to diagnose and the underlying immune mechanisms are poorly understood. Advances in the application of molecular genetic tools, as illustrated by the recent completion of the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable progress has been made in the development of effective hospital infection control programs in countries with limited resources, most notably in Asia and Latin America. National nosocomial infection surveillance methods are now used in a variety of countries, particularly in Brazil, and offer a better meas...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199808000-00010
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim is to evaluate basic mechanisms, prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and potential treatments of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). RECENT FINDINGS:In this review, we present a new model to evaluate the pathophysiology of cardiac disease in patie...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000055
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella. RECENT FINDINGS:Resistance to chloramphenicol, amicillin and cotrimoxazole is common in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A in Asia and a few countries of Africa. In some countries, the isolation of multidrug resistan...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200310000-00014
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review risk-based pre-emptive treatment for adenovirus (ADV) based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and to provide an update on clinical trials of brincidofovir (BCV) and ADV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (ADV-CTLs). RECENT FINDINGS:ADV qPCR in various body compartments enables distinction of clinica...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000379
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To discuss the currently available evidence about the use oritavancin and dalbavancin for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and for other potential indications. RECENT FINDINGS:In this review, we briefly summarize the available data on efficacy (from randomi...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000714
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cytomegalovirus infection is initiated when tumor necrosis factor binds to the cytomegalovirus receptors of latently infected cells, resulting in the reactivation of the virus and the production of clinical disease of two types: direct infection causing pneumonia, mononucleosis, colitis and other vira...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328285a358
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The early treatment of invasive fungal infection is critical but is hampered by the non-specific nature of clinical and radiological signs and the insensitivity of current laboratory diagnostic methods. If mortality due to invasive fungal infection is to be reduced, new, preemptive therapeutic strateg...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200312000-00002
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a relatively rare, slowly progressive pulmonary syndrome due to Aspergillus spp. that requires specific knowledge in terms of disease entity, diagnosis, management and azole resistance. This review focuses on the recent understanding of CPA entity and the emerg...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833ed694
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of vaccines against viral haemorrhagic fevers is a public health priority. Recent advances in our knowledge of pathogenesis and of the immune responses elicited by these viruses emphasize the crucial role of the immune system in the control of infection, but also its probable involvement in pathogenesis. S...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200110000-00003
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As the evidence for two-drug regimens (2DR) for HIV treatment accumulates and 2DR start to enter consensus guidelines, this review covers the history, rationale and current evidence for 2DR in first-line and switch settings. RECENT FINDINGS:Until recently, most evidence for 2DR was for boosted protea...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000615
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several attempts have been made to combine drugs for treating visceral leishmaniasis, but only recently have effective drugs become available and combinations been tested systematically. RECENT FINDINGS:Sequential treatments with liposomal amphotericin B followed by miltefosine or paromomycin (as sho...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833fca9d
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the association remains controversial, enteroviruses have been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases in humans. Investigations in vitro lead to better understanding of virus-cell interactions, and improve our knowledge of the molecular factors that are involved in the establishment and maint...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200106000-00002
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights progress made in the development of vaccines aimed at the stages of malaria parasites found in mosquitoes that block the transmission of malaria within a community. RECENT FINDINGS:Substantial progress has been made on the production and characterization of the leading candidat...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a95e12
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale of and current evidence for prolonged beta-lactam infusion in the management of Gram-negative infections. RECENT FINDINGS:Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data from various in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies conclusively support prolong...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000681
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important clinical complication in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. This review focuses on the latest literature pertaining to the pathogenesis of IRIS. RECENT FINDINGS:The clinical manifestations of IRIS are heterog...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352b664
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were a poorly defined and understood entity. The application of better study designs and new research methodologies has shed considerable light on the pathogenesis of this common clinical syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Inflammation is an importa...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200404000-00008
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV postexposure prophylaxis is often recommended following potential sexual exposure to HIV. Recent data address the effectiveness of postexposure prophylaxis and prevention counseling, cost-effectiveness, antiretroviral options, challenges with nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis among adolesce...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328012c5e0
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The best way to control chlamydial diseases is with an effective vaccine. Although previous studies suggest that a vaccine is an achievable goal, progress has been limited even though many vaccination strategies have been tested. A clearer understanding of the immunobiological basis of chlamydial protection and pathol...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199902000-00009
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital Chlamydia trachomatis is common among young, sexually active people. Infections are most often asymptomatic but have potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. The link between C. trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy is mainly based on early seroepidemiological case-control ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f3d972
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant burden on the health system, especially due to high recurrence rates. Since the beginning of the CDI epidemic in early 2000s, many strategies for combatting recurrence have been explored, with moderate success so far. This review will focus on ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000587
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza continues to be a major health concern and there is always the threat of a pandemic due to the emergence of a viral strain new to the human population, as exemplified by the avian influenza A/H5N1 virus which was responsible for six deaths in Hong Kong last year. Data reported in the past year, based on in-v...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199812000-00013
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The issue of whether the outcome of bacteremic pneumococcal infections is improved with the use of combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy is still not resolved. This review highlights recent studies that have addressed this issue. RECENT FINDINGS:Some studies have indicated benefit of comb...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283232a30
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00