Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV infection profoundly impairs the immune mechanisms needed to control and clear Leishmania infection, and outcomes in patients with HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis are poor. This review summarizes recent work describing the epidemiology, presentation and outcomes of HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis and discusses advances in diagnosis and management. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies have shown that serological tests can effectively diagnose HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis, with a sensitivity of 98% if direct agglutination test and rK39 assays are used in combination. Few data exist to guide treatment recommendations. Observational data show high rates of toxicity and treatment failure with pentavalent antimonials, and their use is no longer recommended. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is better tolerated, but outcomes are suboptimal, with mortality rates of 7-12%, and parasitological failure rates of up to 32%. Initial reports suggest that L-AmB and miltefosine in combination may be effective in HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis; however, clinical trial data are lacking. Secondary prophylaxis reduces the rate of relapse, but optimal regimens have not been defined, and optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis is unknown. SUMMARY:Recent studies have demonstrated the inadequacy of current treatments for HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical trials are needed to improve early diagnosis, develop combination therapies and define effective secondary prophylaxis regimens.
journal_name
Curr Opin Infect Disjournal_title
Current opinion in infectious diseasesauthors
Jarvis JN,Lockwood DNdoi
10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835c2198subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-9issue
1eissn
0951-7375issn
1473-6527journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The issue of whether the outcome of bacteremic pneumococcal infections is improved with the use of combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy is still not resolved. This review highlights recent studies that have addressed this issue. RECENT FINDINGS:Some studies have indicated benefit of comb...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283232a30
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim is to describe and quantify the association between genitourinary tract infections and preterm birth. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies confirm the importance of identifying and treating both asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, which is reflected in current antenatal screening...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328360dc31
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on some of the recent advances in the understanding of HIV immunopathogenesis and the diagnosis and treatment of several autoimmune conditions associated with HIV in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. RECENT FINDINGS:Chronic immune activation with progressive immune exhaust...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283210006
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several studies show that the number of FcgammaRI (CD64) on the surface of neutrophils increases in infections. However, in spite of increased research interest in recent years, there is no clear general view on the usability of neutrophil FcgammaRI in clinical infection diagnostics. This review tries...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833939b0
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital herpes has a high global prevalence and burden of disease. This manuscript highlights recent advances in our understanding of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies demonstrate a changing epidemiological landscape with an increasing proportion of genital herpes...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000029
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As physicians are confronted with a diversity of adverse events and variability in response to medication among patients, this review will focus on the available evidence regarding the impact of genetic variation on drug response. Specifically, variation in drug metabolizing enzymes such as the cytoch...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000191507.48481.10
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a relatively rare, slowly progressive pulmonary syndrome due to Aspergillus spp. that requires specific knowledge in terms of disease entity, diagnosis, management and azole resistance. This review focuses on the recent understanding of CPA entity and the emerg...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833ed694
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To explore how ethical considerations, improved diagnostics and data from clinical trials might see the lowering of some of the barriers blocking a cure for HIV infection over the next 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS:Despite the recent well publicized but eventually disappointing case reports, there remains...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000123
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is a history of inadequate treatments for cryptosporidiosis and a lack of understanding of the species that cause human disease. Against this background, we review the efficacy of antiparasitic agents, particularly nitazoxanide, which has led to increased treatment options, the potential for imm...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200412000-00008
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a frequent opportunistic infection associated with a high mortality rate. PCP is of increasing importance in non-HIV immunocompromised patients, who present with severe respiratory distress with low fungal loads. Molecular detection of Pneumocystis in broncho-alveolar l...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000559
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital Chlamydia trachomatis is common among young, sexually active people. Infections are most often asymptomatic but have potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. The link between C. trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy is mainly based on early seroepidemiological case-control ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f3d972
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Schistosomiasis is a chronic and morbid disease that affects hundreds of millions of the poorest individuals in (sub)tropical regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Just one drug, praziquantel (PZQ), is available. As discussed, efforts to expand mass drug administration programs may accelerate the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328349156f
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the initial responses of an organism to infection by pathogenic viruses is the synthesis of antiviral cytokines such as the type I interferons (interferon-alpha/beta), interleukins, and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interferons provide a first line of defence against virus infections by genera...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200206000-00008
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Illicit drug use before or during sex - known as sexualized drug use (colloquially 'chemsex' or 'party and play') - has evolved as novel psychoactive substances have entered the market in many parts of the world. Here, we review key conceptual issues in associations between illicit drug use and sexual...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000234
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes past and ongoing efforts for using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of influenza, and is focused on products that have entered clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS:At least three polyclonal and eight monoclonal antibody products have been tested in clinical tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000499
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatitis E, a disease transmitted by hepatitis E virus, is increasingly recognized as being indigenous to affluent, temperate-zone countries. Issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis E virus infection, particularly in Western countries, are reviewed and highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS:Cli...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000244052.61629.49
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on only the newest antifungal agents recently approved or still under development and the available data in pediatric and neonatal patients. The larger body of data in adult patients is used for comparative purposes only in an attempt to understand pediatric implications. RECENT F...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000185986.64759.9a
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize the emerging literature on nontuberculous mycobacteria outbreaks in healthcare settings. As our ability to identify mycobacterial species develops, we are better able to recognize epidemiologic connections and better understand the prevalence and importance o...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000386
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As the evidence for two-drug regimens (2DR) for HIV treatment accumulates and 2DR start to enter consensus guidelines, this review covers the history, rationale and current evidence for 2DR in first-line and switch settings. RECENT FINDINGS:Until recently, most evidence for 2DR was for boosted protea...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000615
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Parasites and other infections have many effects on the gastrointestinal tract of individuals who are immunocompromised. Few reviews focus on parasitic infections, which are covered here. RECENT FINDINGS:The review first examines recent advances in our understanding of the taxonomy, diagnosis and tre...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000182104.40128.18
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading vector-borne diseases in the world, with the incidence increasing 30-fold in the past 50 years. There are currently no licensed treatments or vaccines for dengue. This review covers the recent advances in our understanding of dengue pathogenesis, including h...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835fb938
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-positive cocci account for the large majority of cases of infective endocarditis. Pathogenesis investigations of endocarditis have therefore focused on purported virulence factors in staphylococci, viridans group streptococci and enterococci. In addition to novel molecular techniques that have been adapted for us...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199906000-00008
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on the recent developments in the epidemiology, burden of disease, diagnostic tests, and treatment of fascioliasis. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent epidemiologic data suggest that either the endemic areas are expanding or disease is being recognized in areas where it was not previously obs...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283567b7e
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant burden on the health system, especially due to high recurrence rates. Since the beginning of the CDI epidemic in early 2000s, many strategies for combatting recurrence have been explored, with moderate success so far. This review will focus on ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000587
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preventive chemotherapy is advocated for the global control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Despite the well known short-term benefits of treating patients for schistosomiasis, the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns to control the disease in the long term remains unresolved. RECEN...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000312
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The majority of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the United Kingdom and many developing countries were acquired through injecting. New clinical guidance suggests that HCV treatment should be offered to people with a transmission risk - such as people who inject drugs (PWID) - irrespective of seve...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000216
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The world's population is becoming increasing mobile. Each mobile population (e.g. immigrants, refugees, travelers) has certain characteristics that determine public health risk and infectious disease burden. Refugees present unique challenges to public health officials and infectious disease speciali...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832f14a4
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This is a review of tafenoquine, a new antimalarial drug. Here we examine the recent literature supporting the use of tafenoquine and summarize the opportunities and challenges for its well tolerated use worldwide. RECENT FINDINGS:Tafenoquine was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administrati...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000574
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review risk-based pre-emptive treatment for adenovirus (ADV) based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and to provide an update on clinical trials of brincidofovir (BCV) and ADV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (ADV-CTLs). RECENT FINDINGS:ADV qPCR in various body compartments enables distinction of clinica...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000379
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis in childhood is an important cause of mortality worldwide. The disease is difficult to diagnose and the underlying immune mechanisms are poorly understood. Advances in the application of molecular genetic tools, as illustrated by the recent completion of the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00