Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important clinical complication in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. This review focuses on the latest literature pertaining to the pathogenesis of IRIS. RECENT FINDINGS:The clinical manifestations of IRIS are heterogeneous due to the variety of opportunistic infections that are associated with this inflammatory syndrome. However, the disproportionate inflammation is a defining hallmark for which common mechanisms are suspected. Lymphopenia-induced proliferation in the context of systemic immune activation, presence of high antigenic exposure and a wider availability of interleukin-7 contribute to the exacerbated immune response underlying IRIS. Defect in pathogen clearance by phagocytes might favor high pathogen burden, which in turn is thought to activate both innate immune cells and pathogen-specific T cells upon correction of the CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, predisposing to IRIS. This common scenario might be further invigorated by functional impairments among regulatory T cells. SUMMARY:Further insight into the cellular mechanisms driving IRIS is urgently needed. Understanding the relative contribution of distinct effector and regulatory T-cell subsets, and innate immune components to IRIS is required to inspire future therapeutic approaches.
journal_name
Curr Opin Infect Disjournal_title
Current opinion in infectious diseasesauthors
Martin-Blondel G,Mars LT,Liblau RSdoi
10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352b664subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
312-20issue
3eissn
0951-7375issn
1473-6527pii
00001432-201206000-00012journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Studies published within the past year have highlighted the potential morbidity associated with polyomaviruses and novel herpesviruses (e.g. human herpesvirus-6, 7 and -8). Although antiviral therapy has not been shown to be effective for polyomaviruses, attempts at management of human herpesvirus-6 and -8 infections ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-200008000-00003
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Particularities of the fetal immune response to infection cause a heightened inflammatory state that acts synergistically with microbial insult to induce damage. Proteomics offers the opportunity for detecting fetuses at risk of sepsis and neurological injury. RECENT FINDINGS:Molecular tools (16S-rRN...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832a5963
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subject of bacterial skin infection in the tropics has shown some significant advances in the past few years, although it is still relatively understudied. Of special interest is the emerging concern about the public health aspects of pyoderma, either primary or secondary to scabies, in developing countries. In ad...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200104000-00002
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cytomegalovirus infection is initiated when tumor necrosis factor binds to the cytomegalovirus receptors of latently infected cells, resulting in the reactivation of the virus and the production of clinical disease of two types: direct infection causing pneumonia, mononucleosis, colitis and other vira...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328285a358
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review offers an update on hepatitis A, B and E vaccines based on relevant literature published in 2011-2012. Hepatitis A and B vaccines have been commercially available for years; however, the development of the hepatitis E vaccine is still facing some challenges. RECENT FINDINGS:Current scient...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328357e65c
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Amphotericin B (AmpB) is considered the first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in areas in which resistance to antimony is prevalent. This review describes recent advances in clinically available and novel drug delivery systems of AmpB to treat visceral leishmaniasis. RECENT FINDINGS:Over th...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328359eff2
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mucormycosis is an increasingly common fungal infection with an unacceptably high mortality despite first-line antifungal therapy. Iron acquisition is a critical step in the causative organisms' pathogenetic mechanism. Therefore, abrogation of fungal iron acquisition is a promising therapeutic strateg...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283165fd1
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Opportunistic infections contribute to morbidity and mortality after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The development of nonmyeloablative or toxicity-reduced conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might change this picture significantly. These r...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200208000-00001
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic approaches in the practice of haematology/oncology are increasing in complexity. Agents such as the purine analogues and monoclonal antibodies may introduce a new spectrum of infection as a consequence of prolonged/profound lymphoid suppression. The use of high dose therapy with stem cells support is incre...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199908000-00009
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We review the potential new diagnostic tools for determining the cause of pneumonia in the setting of community-acquired infection after outlining the limitation of currently available tests. RECENT FINDINGS:A number of new tools are on the horizon with the potential to overcome the problems of exist...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000148
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In contrast to patients at risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia or mechanically ventilated patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia is a relatively new clinical entity that includes a spectrum of adult patients who have close association with acute care hos...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000216626.05821.40
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bronchiectasis is an under-appreciated cause of chronic lung disease in the USA. We highlight developments in diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating disease. RECENT FINDINGS:A possible link between gastroesophageal reflux and development of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease was highligh...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f4f237
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency. Improper management can lead to marked loss of vision. This review identifies recent trends in the study of infectious keratitis. RECENT FINDINGS:A multicountry outbreak of Fusarium keratitis emphasizes that contact lens wear is a major risk factor for inf...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328017f878
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in our understanding of the modifiable behavioural and biological factors contributing to the transmission of genital herpes simplex infection, and the limited data on the use of antiviral agents for reducing transmission risk in serodiscordan...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200402000-00009
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Invasive fungal infections have become the leading infectious cause of death in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Several factors have led to a renaissance in the study of invasive fungal infections. The growing incidence of both commonly encountered as well as emerging pathogens and t...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000136935.13662.af
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preventive chemotherapy is advocated for the global control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Despite the well known short-term benefits of treating patients for schistosomiasis, the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns to control the disease in the long term remains unresolved. RECEN...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000312
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the initial responses of an organism to infection by pathogenic viruses is the synthesis of antiviral cytokines such as the type I interferons (interferon-alpha/beta), interleukins, and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interferons provide a first line of defence against virus infections by genera...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200206000-00008
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV infection profoundly impairs the immune mechanisms needed to control and clear Leishmania infection, and outcomes in patients with HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis are poor. This review summarizes recent work describing the epidemiology, presentation and outcomes of HIV-associated visceral le...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835c2198
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antibiotic resistance continues to rise, whereas development of new agents to counter it has slowed. A heightened need exists to maintain the effectiveness of currently available agents. This review focuses on the need for better antimicrobial stewardship, expected benefits of well designed antimicrob...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000393484.17894.05
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To consider new treatment options for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, review recent trials, and anticipate their use in clinical practice, focussing on bone marrow transplantation, congenital infection, and intervention during pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS:Three double-blind randomized placebo-controll...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000107
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Illicit drug use before or during sex - known as sexualized drug use (colloquially 'chemsex' or 'party and play') - has evolved as novel psychoactive substances have entered the market in many parts of the world. Here, we review key conceptual issues in associations between illicit drug use and sexual...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000234
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antimicrobial resistance towards conventional antibiotics is a serious problem for modern medicine and for our society. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are very difficult to treat and treatment options have begun to run out. Here, we summarize the newest studies of drug development using cationic antimic...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000057
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-acquired pneumonia has a significant impact upon healthcare in North America and worldwide. In the U.S. it is responsible for three to four million cases yearly and 78,000 deaths. It is not a homogeneous entity and it may be caused by a number of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the atypicals (M...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199904000-00006
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatitis C virus is an RNA virus that usually establishes persistent infection in its host. As an important cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, hepatitis C is a growing public health concern. Despite recent advances in therapy, most people infected with the virus can expect lif...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200406000-00004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence of the Treponema pallidum genome was completed in July 1998, yielding a wealth of new information regarding the enigmatic spirochete that causes syphilis and related treponematoses. By providing the sequences and predicted functions of over 1000 genes, the genome sequence will greatly facilitate research ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-200002000-00006
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent causative agent of nosocomial pneumonia. Because of important clinical consequences of inappropriate treatment, a current review of the potential modifications undergone by S. aureus and adaptation to new treatment options is necessary. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283509cfa
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital herpes has a high global prevalence and burden of disease. This manuscript highlights recent advances in our understanding of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies demonstrate a changing epidemiological landscape with an increasing proportion of genital herpes...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000029
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights progress made in the development of vaccines aimed at the stages of malaria parasites found in mosquitoes that block the transmission of malaria within a community. RECENT FINDINGS:Substantial progress has been made on the production and characterization of the leading candidat...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a95e12
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in patients with hematological malignancies are frequent, but dedicated epidemiological studies are limited. The aim of this review is to provide updated description of the main etiological agents, differential diagnosis, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:In addit...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000632
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Imiquimod is the first member of a new class of immune response modifiers; it was first approved in 1997 for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts. It is an imidazoquinoline, a novel synthetic compound which is an immune response stimulator, enhancing both the innate and acquire...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200304000-00004
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00