Abstract：
:Patients in methadone maintenance programmes (MMT) often smoke tobacco and cannabis and many have ongoing illicit drug use. There is therefore potential for these patients to have abnormal cardiorespiratory function; however, few studies address this in stable MMT patients. We assessed resting cardiorespiratory function on 50 stable MMT patients (25 males, 25 females). Forty-six MMT patients were current tobacco smokers, 19 were current cannabis users and none were currently using opioids other than prescribed methadone. We defined abnormalities of respiratory function as those results outside the 95% confidence interval of reference values for normal subjects adjusted for age, weight, height and sex. Thirty-one (62%) MMT patients had reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor (D(L)CO); 17 (34%) had elevated single breath alveolar volume (V(A)) and 43 (86%) had a reduced D(L)CO/V(A) ratio. Six patients (12%) had reduced FEV1; one (2%) had reduced FVC; and nine (18%) had an obstructive ventilatory defect. Ten (20%) patients had PaCO2 higher than 45 mmHg and 14 (28%) had alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient (A-aPO2) higher than 15 mmHg. CXR, Echocardiography and ECG showed no significant abnormalities. We conclude that stable MMT patients have abnormalities of resting respiratory function which may be due to ongoing tobacco cigarette and current or past cannabis smoking.
journal_name
Addict Bioljournal_title
Addiction biologyauthors
Teichtahl H,Wang D,Cunnington D,Kronborg I,Goodman C,Prodromidis A,Drummer Odoi
10.1080/13556210412331292578subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
247-53issue
3-4eissn
1355-6215issn
1369-1600pii
0502Q4PKDNK26NTNjournal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In utero exposure of fetuses to tobacco is associated with reduced birth weight. We hypothesized that this may be due to the toxic effect of carbon monoxide (CO) from tobacco, which has previously been described to damage mitochondria in non-pregnant adult smokers. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12183
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness of using amphetamine isomer ratios to determine individual compliance with a Dexedrine (dexamphetamine, Celltech, Slough, UK) treatment regimen for the maintenance and detoxification from amphetamine abuse has been audited. The calculation of l/d-amphetamine isomer ratios in urine has been shown prev...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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doi：10.1080/13556210310001646411
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abstract：:Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a public health crisis. Differences in opioid withdrawal severity that predict treatment outcome could facilitate the process of matching patients to treatments. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that enrolled treatment seeking heroin-users (N = 89, males ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12680
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies show that substance dependence disorders are characterized by an enhanced processing of substance-related stimuli. The present study was designed to examine the association between craving levels and selective processing of drug cues in cocaine-dependent patients using event-related brain potentials (E...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00100.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to alcohol and other drugs of abuse has been associated with deleterious consequences, including functional connectivity deficits within neural networks associated with executive control. Altered functional connectivity within the executive control network (ECN) might underlie the progressive inabilit...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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doi：10.1111/adb.12684
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abstract：:Smoking withdrawal is associated with significant deficits in the ability to initiate and maintain attention for extended periods of time (i.e. sustained attention; SA). However, the effects of smoking abstinence on the temporal dynamics of neurocognition during SA have not been evaluated. Twenty adult smokers underwe...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00252.x
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abstract：:The AA (alko, alcohol) and ANA (alko, non-alcohol) rat lines were among the earliest rodent lines produced by bidirectional selection for ethanol preference. The purpose of this review is to highlight the strategies for understanding the neurobiological factors underlying differential alcohol-drinking behavior in thes...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine withdrawal is associated with subtle working memory deficits that predict subsequent relapse. We examined the neural substrates underlying these processes in treatment-seeking smokers, and explored the moderating influence of age on abstinence-induced alterations in brain activity and performance. Sixty-three...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12051
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Betel quid chewing has been claimed to produce a sense of well-being, euphoria, warm sensation of the body, sweating, salivation, palpitation, heightened alertness and increased capacity to work. These effects suggest that betel quid chewing affects predominantly the central and autonomic nervous systems. Several stud...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for both coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease and has been reported to contain many oxidizing agents that lead to generation of free radicals. In this study, we investigated the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) and antioxidant vitamins (C and E), total thiol cont...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:α-Synuclein has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol abuse due to its role in dopaminergic neurotransmission. In these studies, genetic variability in the α-synuclein gene influences its expression which may contribute to susceptibility to chronic alcohol abuse. Real-time PCR was used to quantify...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00495.x
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drugs of abuse induce widespread synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons. Such drug-induced neuroadaptations may constitute an initial cellular mechanism eventually leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. To evaluate the impact of GABAB receptors on addiction-related persistent neuroplasticit...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12688
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the major psychoactive alkaloid of some species of mushrooms distributed worldwide. These mushrooms represent a growing problem regarding hallucinogenic drug abuse. Despite its experimental medical use in the 1960s, only very few pharmacological data about psilocy...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:We use polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) to predict smoking, and addiction to nicotine, alcohol or drugs in individuals not diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Using PRSs for 144 609 subjects, including 10 036 individuals admitted for in-patient addiction treatment and 35 ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12496
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and funct...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12486
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neural and genetic factors underlying chronic tolerance to alcohol are currently unclear. The GluN2A N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) subunit and the NMDAR-anchoring protein PSD-95 mediate acute alcohol intoxication and represent putative mechanisms mediating tolerance. We found that chronic intermittent eth...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12110
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) has been proposed as a potential contributor to aberrant transcriptional profiles that can lead to changes in cognitive functions. It is known that METH negatively impacts the prefrontal cortex (PFC) leading to cognitive decline and addiction whereas modafinil enhances cogn...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12737
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to drug-associated cues evokes drug-seeking behavior and is regarded as a major cause of relapse. Conditional stimulus upregulates noradrenaline (NA) system activity, but the drug-seeking behavior depends particularly on phasic dopamine signaling downstream from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The VTA dopam...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12514
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to profile and compare blood naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol levels with time following treatment with two sustained-release naltrexone preparations produced by GoMedical Industries, Australia at a community heroin treatment clinic in Perth, Western Australia. A sample of 10 patients who each...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1080/13556210410001674103
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous drug addiction is known to be associated with an inordinate morbidity and mortality. As our previous report had identified an immune phenotype consistent with accelerated ageing, we wished to investigate how much of this change may have been related to chronic viral hepatitis. A total of 12 409 clinical pa...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00123.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive and negative emotional experiences induced by addictive drugs play an important role in the development of dysfunctional drug-related memory, which becomes resistant to extinction and contributes to high rate of relapse. Those memories may undergo a process called reconsolidation that in some cases can be dis...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00443.x
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abstract：:Several studies have emphasized the role of learning in the development of rapid and chronic tolerances. Recently, it was shown that the NMDA antagonists MK-801(dizocilpine) and ketamine block the development of tolerance to ethanol in rats submitted to tilt-plane apparatus. The present study examines the generality o...
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更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase that controls global protein synthesis, in part, by modulating translation initiation, a rate-limiting step for many mRNAs. Previous studies implicate mTOR in regulating stimulant-induced sensitization and antidepressive-like behavior in rodents, as...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00311.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early relapse is common after opiate withdrawal and deprives addicts of important opportunities to develop new, opiate-free cognitive-behavioural habits. The oral opiate antagonist naltrexone (NTX) significantly reduces relapse only when rigorously supervised and/or probation-linked. Simple but effective NTX implants,...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of cannabidiol has shown promising evidence in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders, including cocaine addiction. However, little information is available as to the mechanisms by which cannabidiol reduces drug use and compulsive seeking. We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neur...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The striatum, a major central nervous system structure modulating movement, is enriched with glutamatergic and dopaminergic innervation. By altering activities of both glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmissions the psychostimulants, amphetamine and cocaine, induce behavioral changes in experimental animals. Activati...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of acetaldehyde metabolism was measured in aortic rings from rat strains genetically bred for high (UChB) and low (UChA) voluntary ethanol consumption. The results show that in aortic rings from naive UChB rats, acetaldehyde oxidation rates were significantly greater than the rates observed in aortic rings fr...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the attention towards alcohol-related stimuli increases with the duration of drinking and alcohol dependence. The present study aimed to assess whether an attentional bias was present in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients, and if the magnitude of the attentional bias depended on the subje...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal and cross-sectional human studies suggest that chronic cocaine use is associated with altered responsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress. Moreover, increased susceptibility to stress has been proposed as an important factor for development, maintenance and relapse of cocaine addiction. As...
journal_title：Addiction biology
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies in animal models have shown that the nociceptin system, comprising nociceptin (or OFQ/N, encoded by PNOC) and the nociceptin receptor (an opioid receptor-like protein encoded by OPRL1), may be involved in alcohol and other drug reward pathways. To determine whether the nociceptin system is associated wi...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00082.x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
