Abstract:
:Glutamine has multiple physiological and pathophysiological roles in the brain. Because of their position at the interface between blood and brain, the cerebral capillaries and the choroid plexuses that form the blood-brain barriers (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, have the potential to influence brain glutamine concentrations. Despite this, there has been a paucity of data on the mechanisms and polarity of glutamine transport at these barrier tissues. In situ brain perfusion in the rat, indicates that blood to brain L-[14C]glutamine transport at the blood-brain barrier is primarily mediated by a pH-dependent, Na(+)-dependent, System N transporter, but that blood to choroid plexus transport is primarily via a pH-independent System N transporter and a Na(+)-independent carrier that is not System L. Transport studies in isolated rat choroid plexuses and primary cultures of choroid plexus epithelial cells indicate that epithelial L-[14C]glutamine transport is polarized (apical uptake>basolateral) and that uptake at the apical membrane is mediated by pH dependent System N transporters (identified as SN1 and SN2 by polymerase chain reaction) and the Na(+)-independent System L. Blood-brain barrier System N transport is markedly effected by cerebral ischemia and may be a good marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. The multiple glutamine transporters at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers may have role in meeting the metabolic needs of the brain and the barrier tissues themselves. However, it is likely that the main role of these transporters is removing glutamine, and thus nitrogen, from the brain.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Xiang J,Ennis SR,Abdelkarim GE,Fujisawa M,Kawai N,Keep RFdoi
10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00013-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
279-88issue
4-5eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197018603000135journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase (RIC) -3 promotes the maturation (folding and assembly) of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as a molecular chaperone. The modulation effects of RIC-3 on homomeric α7 nAChRs are always positive, but its effects on heteromeric subtypes are inconsistent among ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.007
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS-1) are not only of importance for the normal functioning of the various neurons, but also play central roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through the use of immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques, the bidirectional axonal transport o...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00014-1
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alteration in the lysosomal system (LS) may represent a central mechanism in neurodegeneration. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induces oxidative stress and cell death in catecholaminergic cells. The LS and caspases participate in apoptosis, although the mechanism(s) that is involved is not completely understood. Here, we ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.006
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal peptides and hormones are known to penetrate through the utero-placental barrier and regulate fetal development. In the present study, we tested permeation of maternal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to fetuses, using BDNF-gene deficient mice and exogenous BDNF administration. At embryonic da...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.11.005
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been limited success with blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration. One perceived reason is that blood has no direct contact to the brain. Recently developed blood-based biomarkers of tau-degradation have shown promise as potential tools for peripheral assessment of neurodegeneration; however, factors con...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.002
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of calmodulin in phospholipase D activation in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells prelabelled with [3H]-palmitic acid were incubated with calmodulin antagonists and/or other compounds. Phosphatidylethanol, a specific marker for phospholipase D activity, and phosphatidic acid ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00067-5
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophil granulocytes (or polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) have long been considered as crude killing machines, particularly trained to attack bacterial or fungal pathogens in wounds or infected tissues. That perspective has fundamentally changed over the last decades, as PMNs have been shown to exert a livery exchang...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.11.006
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid peroxidation has many deleterious effects on cells, and in the nervous system is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To suppress lipid peroxidation, cells have various defense systems such as glutathione and thioredoxin, and defects in these defense systems will result in...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.015
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel copper-containing protein has been isolated in electrophoretically homogeneous state from bovine brain extracts. Some physico-chemical properties of the protein are determined (molecular weight, copper content, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, optical and EPR spectra), and they are compared with thos...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(88)90071-x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a growing body of evidence on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in retinal physiology. Recently, interest has developed in the functional role of an alternative redox form of NO, namely nitroxyl (HNO/NO(-)), because it is formed by a number of diverse biochemical reactions. The aim of the present report was to co...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.04.015
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaminase mediates the recycling of neurotransmitter glutamate, supporting most excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. A constitutive heterozygous reduction in GLS1 engenders in mice a model of schizophrenia resilience and associated increases in Gln, reductions in Glu and activity-dep...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104508
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onset of attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) in childhood is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. A chronic deficit of serotonin (5-HT) at the synapse may trigger symptoms of ADHD. This review focuses on neuro-anatomical, experimental and ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.02.001
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of subcutaneous injections of saline (0.9% NaCl, 10-40 ?l/g b. wt) to 5- and 20-day old rats on the concentrations of tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) in the serum and the brain and on the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites in the developing brain at 6 h p.i. is described. At day 5 the conce...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(85)90071-3
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of oxidation of endogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and thiols as well as membrane cholesterol in isolated rat brain mitochondria were studied. Oxidation was induced by incubating the mitochondria at 37 degrees C with the free radical generators 2,2' azobis (2'-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)00147-m
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise function of activated microglia and their secretory products remains controversial. In order to assess the role of microglial secretion products, we established an in vitro model of an inflammatory reaction in the brain by co-culturing microglial and neuronal cell lines. Upon stimulation with interferon-ga...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00119-4
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of dietary factors on brain health and vulnerability to disease is increasingly appreciated. The results of epidemiological studies, and intervention trials in animal models suggest that diets rich in phytochemicals can enhance neuroplasticity and resistance to neurodegeneration. Here we describe how intera...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.009
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apart from acetyl-choline (Ach), adenosine-5'-trisphosphate (ATP) is thought to play a role in neuromuscular function, however little information is available on its cellular physiology. As such, effects of ATP and adenosine on contractility of mice diaphragmatic and skeletal muscles (m. extensor digitorum longa-MEDL)...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.06.007
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::alpha(2)-Adrenoceptors are involved in various physiological functions, particularly in the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Different adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha(2A), alpha(2B) and alpha(2C)) have been recognised and the different subtypes may have role in activation of distinct physiological an...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.05.014
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple procedure for isolating a fraction enriched in synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) vesicles from sheep brain cortex is described and is used in studying uptake and release of [(3)H]GABA. The crude synaptosomal fraction was subjected to osmotic shock and the lysate was subfractioned in a discontinuous density gradi...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(90)90022-l
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic like microvesicles (SLMV) form a pleiomorphic population of vesicles present in neuroendocrine cells of the pituitary and the adrenal medulla. Their composition and biogenesis is very similar to small synaptic vesicles (SSV) present in nerve terminals. Membrane proteins of SSV involved in fusion (synaptotagmi...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00005-s
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphine-borane complexes are novel cell-permeable drugs that protect neurons from axonal injury in vitro and in vivo. These drugs activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) cell survival pathway and are therefore neuroprotective, but do not scavenge superoxide. In order to understand the intera...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.014
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superfused rat cerebral cortex slices were submitted to a continuous electrical (5 Hz) stimulation and treated with sodium azide (1-10 mM) in the presence of 2 mM 2-deoxyglucose ("chemical ischemia"). Presynaptic cholinergic activity, evaluated as acetylcholine release, was inhibited depending on the sodium azide conc...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.06.003
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that neurosteroids such as pregnenolone, progesterone (PG) and their derivatives, have a role in activating autophagy in addition to diverse other functions. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that cellular free Zn(2+) is involved in oxidative stress-induced autophagy and autophagic...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.11.015
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylglycines 3-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phenylglycine (4C3HPG), 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4CPG) and alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) were evaluated as putative selective antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors on single neurones of the ventrobasal thalamus of rats, with a view to...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90093-0
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the peroxovanadium complex potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)-oxovanadate (bpV[phen]) have been studied on dopamine (DA) exocytosis in PC12 cells. Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)-oxovanadate does not elicit dopamine secretion in PC12 cells. However, treatment of PC12 cells with 30 microM bpV[phen] ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00093-6
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rasagiline is a propargylamine and irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has demonstrated neuroprotective properties in laboratory studies. Current concepts of PD aetiopathogenesis include the role of alpha-synuclein, protein aggregation, free radical m...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.017
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Xenopus oocyte expression and recording system has allowed a detailed analysis of the physiology and pharmacology of neuronal ion channels including their sensitivity to ethanol. It is important however, to ascertain the effects of a particular drug on the channels inherently expressed by oocytes to ensure that dr...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00097-2
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain states and epilepsies are common therapeutic targets of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. Inhibition of sodium channels results in central muscle relaxant activity as well. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are also applied in the treatment of pain syndromes. Here, we investigate the pharmacody...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.008
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative abilities of a series of local anesthetics in which either or both the ester oxygens had been replaced with sulfur or selenium to block axonal or synaptic preparations are compared with their abilities to displace (3)H-nicotine from lobster axon plasma membrane fragments. The relative affinities of a seri...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(80)90011-x
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The active fraction, isolated and partially purified from the crude venom of the marine snail Conus distans, with a molecular mass of about 25 kDa, inhibits neurotransmitter release in rat hippocampus. This toxin (distans Toxin) inhibits the electrically evoked tritium labelled noradrenaline release from rat hippocamp...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90127-d
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00