Abstract：
:The kinetics of oxidation of endogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and thiols as well as membrane cholesterol in isolated rat brain mitochondria were studied. Oxidation was induced by incubating the mitochondria at 37 degrees C with the free radical generators 2,2' azobis (2'-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAPH) and 2,2' azobis (2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (ABDVN) which undergo thermal decomposition to yield free radicals. An approximate order for the in vitro ease of oxidation was: ascorbate > alpha-tocopherol > sulfhydryls > cholesterol. However, small amounts of ascorbate were present in the mitochondria when alpha-tocopherol and sulfhydryl compounds were getting oxidized. This observation is different from those with more homogeneous biological substrates like blood plasma or serum. The order of oxidation of the various compounds is a function of not only the redox potentials but also the (a) concentrations of the oxidized and reduced species, (b) compartmentation of the compounds and (c) enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems for the repair or regeneration of the individual antioxidants. Even though ascorbate levels are quite low within mitochondria this nutrient may play a major role as a first line of defense against oxidative stress. The lipid-soluble ABDVN was much more potent in oxidizing membrane alpha-tocopherol and thiols than the water-soluble ABAPH. With both free radical generators the rate of oxidation of the antioxidants consisted of two phases. The initial phase, that is more rapid, may represent a pool of antioxidant that is involved in immediate antioxidant protection of the organelle with the slower compartment being responsible for replenishing the faster pool whenever needed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Vatassery GT,Smith WE,Quach HT,Lai JCdoi
10.1016/0197-0186(94)00147-msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
527-35issue
5eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
019701869400147Mjournal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:There has been limited success with blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration. One perceived reason is that blood has no direct contact to the brain. Recently developed blood-based biomarkers of tau-degradation have shown promise as potential tools for peripheral assessment of neurodegeneration; however, factors con...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.002
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-affinity binding sites for tritiated hemicholinium-3, a potent and selective inhibitor of the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline transport, have been found in synaptosomal membranes from insect ganglia. The binding of hemicholinium to ganglionic membrane preparations was saturable and specific with an apparen...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(89)90124-1
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is a biological process characterized by impairment of cellular bioenergetic function, increased oxidative stress, attenuated ability to respond to stresses, increased risk of contracting age-associated disorders that affects many tissues, with a more marked effect on brain and heart function. Oxidative stress i...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.016
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cholinergic nerve terminals of Torpedo electric organ are a rich source of a hydrophobic protein, the mediatophore, which endows artificial membranes with a calcium dependent mechanism that translocates acetylcholine. An antiserum raised against purified mediatophore permitted the identification of two different p...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(89)90097-1
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last few years, several attempts were made for the setting up of specific methodologies aiming to evaluate steroid contents directly in nervous tissues. The main objective of these attempts was to determine accurately changes intervening in endogenous neuroactive steroid levels during pathological situations. T...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.09.010
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phenylglycines 3-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phenylglycine (4C3HPG), 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4CPG) and alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) were evaluated as putative selective antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors on single neurones of the ventrobasal thalamus of rats, with a view to...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)90093-0
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding kinetics of the specific dopamine D2 antagonist [3H]raclopride to dopamine D2 receptors in rat neostriatum were studied. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of [3H]raclopride binding with these membranes revealed a hyperbolic dependence upon the antagonist concentration, indicating that the reaction had ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00123-9
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether alterations in glutamate metabolising glutamine synthetase activity occur in human epileptic neocortex, as shown previously for human epileptic hippocampus [Eid, T., Thomas, M.J., Spencer, D.D., Rundén-Pran, E., Lai, J.C.K., Malthankar, G.V., Kim, J.H., Danbolt, N.C., Ottersen, O.P., de Lanerol...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2005.06.001
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic variate stress was seen to decrease the ingestion of sweet food when compared to control rats. Brain monoamines are known to be involved in the control of food intake, serotonin appears to be involved in the mechanisms of satiety, and dopamine in mediating appetite or approach behaviors triggered by incentive ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00080-3
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase were measured in homogenates of rat brain cortical tissue, at different times after chronic intracortical infusion of GABA in vivo during 2, 6 or 24 h. Cortical electrical activity was also recorded. As previously described, about 1 h af...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)90114-7
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon beta-1b (IFN beta-1b) (Betaseron) has been recently shown to alter the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) where migration of activated lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in the pathogenesis of this dis...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00081-2
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglial activation has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of inflammation mediated by microglia is a strategy in neurodegenerative disease therapy. In this study, we isolated cryptotanshinone and 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I from Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Korean herb medicine...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2005.07.004
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of serotonin release and synthesis by amino acid neurotransmitters was investigated in rat rostral and caudal rhombencephalic raphe cells in primary cultures respectively. Endogenous amounts of taurine, glycine, GABA and glutamate were measured in both types of cultures. These amino acids were spontaneously re...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(93)90118-o
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A procedure for studying 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis by determining the rate of accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan after administering m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine, an inhibitor of aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase, and large doses of l-tryptophan was characterized. The utility of this method as an index of 5-hydroxy...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(86)90014-8
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously we reported that gene expression of astrocytic 5-HT2B receptors was decreased in brains of depressed animals exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) (Li et al., 2012) and of Parkinson's disease (Song et al., 2018). Depression is also one of the psychiatric symptoms in hyperammonemia, and astrocyte is a primary...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104479
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:D-aspartate is present in significant concentrations throughout the nervous tissue but its physiological role is still under discussion. Here, we report the process of d-aspartate release in retinal cells. [(3)H]-d-aspartate release occurs through a glutamate/aspartate exchange mechanism using excitatory amino acid tr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.03.001
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine is found at millimolar concentration in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. High concentrations of taurine are essential for maintenance of retinal function. Taurine uptake by retina and retinal pigment epithelium was significantly enhanced by physiological concentrations of insulin as well as by high g...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00072-8
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Xenopus oocyte expression and recording system has allowed a detailed analysis of the physiology and pharmacology of neuronal ion channels including their sensitivity to ethanol. It is important however, to ascertain the effects of a particular drug on the channels inherently expressed by oocytes to ensure that dr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00097-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following hemorrhagic stroke, red blood cells lyse and release neurotoxic hemin into the interstitial space. The present study investigates whether neurons can accumulate and metabolize hemin. We demonstrate that cultured neurons express the heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1), and that this transporter appears to contribut...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.03.006
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several metabolic transformations of vitamin A have now been found in the pigment epithelium of cattle retina, leading to the hypothesis that there may be a vitamin A cycle in these cells. A retinol binding protein of MW ? 17,000 in pigment epithelial cytosol has been identified independently in several laboratories. ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(80)90055-8
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons differentiated in vitro from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to serve both as models of disease states and in drug discovery programs. In this study, we use sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) to enrich for forebrain and midbrain phenotypes from mouse ESCs. We then invest...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.02.016
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites have been reported by several groups for disorders involving psychosis, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To identify components of the pathway that may be relevant as biomarkers or may underlie the etiology of psychosis, it is essential to charact...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2008.01.013
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentrations of gamma-glutamylglutamate, gamma-glutamylglutamine, gamma-glutamylcysteine, glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, cyst(e)ine and glutathione (including disulfides) were determined by HPLC analysis of both the tissue and the surrounding medium of incubated rat hippocampal slices. High potassium concentra...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00148-4
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence suggests that α-lipoic acid (LA) has neuroprotective effects in various pathological conditions including brain ischemia and neurodegeneration. While anti-oxidative activity has been thought to play a central role in LA-mediated neuroprotection, the precise mechanism and the effect of LA enantiomers (...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.09.005
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the level of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA after partial mesodiencephalic hemitransection were evaluated in various regions of the rat brain by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry coupled with computer-assisted image analysis. On days 1 and 2 after the lesion, increased accumulation of ornithine de...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(91)90165-a
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tau isoforms constitute a family of microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. They promote the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and modulate their stability, thus playing a key structural role in the distal portion of axons. In Alzheimer's disease...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.02.010
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurosteroids are modulators of several receptors and ion channels and are implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases including hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors, accumulates in the brains of HE patients whe...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infections are implicated in the onset and promotion of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. In this study, immune response patterns to herpes viruses were compared in aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody positive central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum samples of pati...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lithium is well established as a treatment of manic-depressive illness. As for the mechanism of action of lithium, it is proposed that lithium has effects on intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) movement. But there are few reports in which the effects of lithium on intracellular Ca2+ movement are observed in the mammalian...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)00130-m
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A biochemical study of the endogenous levels of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and the activity of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) was carried out in the intestinal tract of the rat. High levels of 5-HT and NA were detected in the caecum and the colon. These anatomical regions also presented the highest activity...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(83)90029-3
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
